Antenna isotropic bụ ebe ntụaka zuru oke nke na-enye ike elektrọnik n'otu aka ahụ n'akụkụ niile. Ndị injinia na-eji ya atụnyere uru antenna, nduzi na ike radiated, ọbụlagodi na enweghị ike ịmepụta antenna isotropic zuru oke n'ọrụ.
Nduzi a na-akọwa ihe radieshọn isotropic pụtara, ọdịdị nke usoro radieshọn isotropic, ihe kpatara uru ntụaka ji bụrụ 0 dBi, na otu esi eji otu ntụaka ahụ eme ihe na ngụkọ EIRP.
Kedu ihe bụ Antenna Isotropic?
Antenna isotropic, nke a na-akpọkwa radiator isotropic, bụ isi iyi echiche nwere otu ike radieshon maka azimuth na nkuku elu ọ bụla. O nweghị ntụziaka kachasị mma, ya mere ọ na-enye ntọala na-anọpụ iche maka ịkọwa omume ntụzịaka nke antenna n'ezie.
- Ọ bụ ntụaka mgbakọ na mwepụ zuru oke, ọ bụghị antenna anụ ahụ a na-ahụ anya.
- Ike radieshọn ya na-agbanwe agbanwe n'akụkụ siri ike zuru oke gburugburu isi iyi ahụ.
- Nduzi ya bụ 1, nke bụ 0 dBi.
- A na-atụ uru antenna bara uru nke e kwuru na dBi ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntụaka a.
Kedu ka ụkpụrụ radieshọn Isotropic dị?
Usoro radieshọn isotropic nke nwere akụkụ atọ kacha mma bụ okirikiri nke dị n'etiti isi iyi ahụ. Isi ihe ọ bụla dị na okirikiri ahụ na-anọchite anya otu ike radieshọn ahụ n'otu anya ahụ. Ụgbọelu ọ bụla nwere akụkụ abụọ nke na-agafe n'etiti na-emepụta ụkpụrụ okirikiri.
Usoro okirikiri a na-eme ka radiator isotropic baa uru na ozizi antenna: ọ na-enye ọkwa radieshọn nke a pụrụ iji tụnyere nduzi antenna n'ezie. Antenna bara uru na-enwekarị nhazi anụ ahụ, nhazi nri na gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-ewebata mgbanwe ntụziaka, yabụ usoro a tụrụ ya nwere ike ịnwe isi lobes, akụkụ lobes na nulls.
Usoro ntụaka:N'akụkụ atọ, radieshon isotropic bụ okirikiri. Radieshon omnidirectional na-adị otu gburugburu otu ụgbọelu ahọpụtara.
Isi ihe dị iche:Usoro isotropic dị okirikiri abụghị otu ihe ahụ dị ka usoro dị ka donut nke a na-ejikọkarị na dipole na antenna ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu.
Ihe osise dị ugbu a dị n'elu na-egosi usoro nkịtị dị ka dipole: ihe dị ka otu n'ime azimuth, ọdịdị donut n'akụkụ atọ na ọdịdị nke asatọ n'ime mbepụ kwụ ọtọ. Ọ bara uru maka ntụnyere, mana ọ bụghị ụkpụrụ okirikiri nke radiator isotropic.
Antenna Isotropic vs. Omnidirectional
A na-ejikarị okwu ndị a bụ isotropic na omnidirectional eme ihe n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi, mana ha na-akọwa ụdị omume radieshon dị iche iche.
- Antenna Isotropic:na-egbukepụ egbukepụ n'akụkụ niile n'akụkụ atọ. Ọ bụ ntụaka echiche nwere ụkpụrụ okirikiri.
- Antenna nke na-aga n'ihu n'ụzọ niile:na-egbukepụ ihe dị ka otu nhata gburugburu otu ụgbọelu ntụaka, nke na-abụkarị oghere azimuth kwụ ọtọ, ebe radieshon ya na-agbanwe agbanwe ka elu ya dị.
- Ụkpụrụ nkịtị nke omnidirectional:okirikiri dị n'elu kwụ ọtọ na ọdịdị nke asatọ n'elu kwụ ọtọ, na-emepụta ụkpụrụ dị n'akụkụ atọ nke dị ka donut.
Antenna omnidirectional nwere ike inye mkpuchi azimuth nke ogo 360, mana ọ bụghị isotropic n'ihi na ọ na-enwekarị radieshon ma ọ bụ nulls dị ala n'akụkụ axis ya.
Gịnị mere Antenna Isotropic ji enweta 0 dBi?
Igwe radieshọn isotropic kacha mma nwere directivity nke 1 n'ihi na ọ naghị elekwasị anya ike n'akụkụ ọ bụla. E gosipụtara ya na ọkwa logarithmic, ntụaka a bụ:
Ndekọ 1010(1) = 0 dBi
Mgbakwunye "i" pụtara na uru ahụ na-ezo aka na radiator isotropic. Antenna ezigbo nke a tụrụ na 3 dBi na-emepụta ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ nke njupụta ike n'akụkụ kachasị elu ya ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntụnyere isotropic mgbe ntụnyere ahụ jiri otu ike a nabatara. Ọ pụtaghị na radiator isotropic n'onwe ya nwere uru 3 dBi.
Maka isi ihe ndị metụtara ya, leenduzi antennanaarụmọrụ na uru nke antenna.
Otu EIRP si eji Isotropic Reference eme ihe
Ike e ji ihe na-enwu enwu nke e jikọtara ya na isotropic, ma ọ bụ EIRP, na-egosipụta ike nke radiator isotropic zuru oke ga-achọ iji mepụta otu njupụta ike kachasị elu dị ka sistemụ nnyefe n'ezie n'otu ntụziaka akọwapụtara. Na nkeji logarithmic:
EIRP (dBm) = ike nnyefe (dBm) + uru antenna (dBi) - mfu nri (dB)
Mmekọrịta a na-ejikọta mmepụta nke na-ebufe ihe, uru nke antenna ma e jiri ya tụnyere isotropic na mfu sitere na eriri, njikọ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-enye nri. Ya mere, EIRP bụ ọnụọgụgụ ọkwa sistemụ, ọ bụghị ike ọzọ nke antenna na-emepụta.
ERP megide EIRP
EIRP na-eji radiator isotropic eme ihe dị ka ntụaka ya. Ike radiated dị irè, ma ọ bụ ERP, na-eji dipole ọkara-wave dị ka ntụaka ya. Dipole ọkara-wave zuru oke nwere ihe dị ka uru 2.15 dBi na ntụziaka redio kachasị elu ya, yabụ ọnụọgụ abụọ ahụ dị iche site na 2.15 dB.
ERP (dBW) = EIRP (dBW) - 2.15 dB
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, sistemụ nwere EIRP nke 30 dBW nwere ERP nke 27.85 dBW. Na-elele mgbe niile ma e kwuru antenna ma ọ bụ oke iwu na dBi/dBW EIRP ma ọ bụ dBd/dBW ERP tupu ị tụnyere ụkpụrụ.
Iji ghọta otu antenna n'ezie si ekesa ike n'ime lobes na nulls, gaa n'ihu na ntuziaka anyị makaụkpụrụ radieshọn antenna.
Ihe Ndị Dị Mkpa Iji Mee
- Antenna isotropic bụ ihe ntụaka zuru oke maka isi mmalite, ọ bụghị imewe antenna bara uru.
- Ụdị radieshọn ya nke nwere akụkụ atọ bụ okirikiri, ebe ọ bụla e ji akụkụ abụọ mee bụ okirikiri.
- Ntuziaka na uru ya bụ 1, ma ọ bụ 0 dBi.
- Antenna nke na-aga n'akụkụ niile na-adị otu nha naanị n'elu ahọọrọ, ọ na-enwekarị usoro dị ka donut nke nwere akụkụ atọ.
- A na-akpọ EIRP uru isotropic, ebe a na-akpọ ERP dipole ọkara-ebili.
RF MISO na-enye antenna ntụzi aka na nke sara mbara maka nha microwave, nkwukọrịta na njikọta sistemụ. Chọpụta anyịngwọta antenna omnidirectional or kpọtụrụ ndị otu anyịiji tụlee ugboro ole ọrụ gị, uru, polarization na ihe achọrọ maka interface.
Oge ozi: Eprel-17-2026
