Oke dị irè nke aeriri microwavedabere na ụda ugboro ole ọ na-eji, uru ya, na ọnọdụ ngwa ya. N'okpuru ebe a bụ nkọwa teknụzụ maka ụdị antenna a na-ahụkarị:
1. Njikọta nke eriri ugboro na oke
- Antenna E-band (60–90 GHz):
Njikọ dị mkpụmkpụ, nke nwere ikike dị elu (1–3 km) maka njem azụ 5G na nkwukọrịta ndị agha. Mbelata ikuku ruru 10 dB/km n'ihi nnabata oxygen. - Antenna Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz):
Mgbasa ozi satịlaịtị na-eru kilomita 10–50 (ala-ruo-LEO) yana uru 40+ dBi. Mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ibelata oke site na 30%. - 2.60–3.95 GHzAntenna mpi:
Mkpuchi etiti (5–20 km) maka radar na IoT, na-ahazi ntinye na ọnụego data.
2. Ụdị na arụmọrụ nke antenna
| Antenna | Uru nkịtị | Oke kachasị elu | Ojiji Ojiji |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antenna Biconical | 2–6 dBi | <1 km (Nnwale EMC) | Nchọpụta ihe dị mkpirikpi |
| Opi Gain Standard | 12–20 dBi | 3–10 km | Nhazi/nhazi |
| Ngwakọta Microstrip | 15–25 dBi | 5–50 km | Ọdụ ntọala 5G/Satcom |
3. Isi ihe dị mkpa maka ngụkọ oke
Atụmatụ nhazi mbufe Friis dị iche iche (*d*):
d = (λ/4π) × √(P_t × G_t × G_r / P_r)
Ebe:
P_t = Ike nnyefe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, radar 10W)
G_t, G_r = Uru antenna Tx/Rx (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mpi 20 dBi)
P_r = Mmetụta onye nnata (dịka ọmụmaatụ, –90 dBm)
Ndụmọdụ Bara Uru: Maka njikọ satịlaịtị Ka-band, jikọta mpi dị elu (30+ dBi) na amplifiers dị ala (NF <1 dB).
4. Oke Gburugburu Ebe Obibi
Mbelata Mmiri ozuzo: Mgbaàmà Ka-band na-efunahụ 3–10 dB/km n'oge mmiri ozuzo siri ike.
Mgbasa nke Ìhè: Usoro microstrip 25 dBi na 30 GHz nwere obosara 2.3° - dabara adaba maka njikọ kpọmkwem site na isi ruo na isi.
Mmechi: Oke antenna microwave dị iche site na <1 km (ule EMC biconical) ruo 50+ km (satcom Ka-band). Mee ka ọ ka mma site na ịhọrọ antenna E-/Ka-band maka mmepụta ma ọ bụ mpi 2-4 GHz maka ntụkwasị obi.
Iji mụtakwuo maka antenna, biko gaa na:
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-08-2025
