A na-ekpebi ebe dị anya nzikọrịta ozi nke sistemu ikuku ikuku nwere ike nweta site na ihe dị iche iche dịka ngwaọrụ dị iche iche nke mebere sistemu na gburugburu nzikọrịta ozi. Enwere ike igosipụta mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ha site na nha anya nzikọrịta ozi ndị a.
Ọ bụrụ na ike nnyefe nke ngwaọrụ mgbasa ozi nke usoro nkwurịta okwu bụ PT, uru antenna nnyefe bụ GT, na ogologo ogologo ọrụ bụ λ. Mmetụta nke onye na-anata ngwaọrụ bụ PR, uru antenna na-anata bụ GR, na anya dị n'etiti antenna anata na nnyefe bụ R, n'ime anya anya na gburugburu ebe obibi na-enweghị nnyonye anya electromagnetic, mmekọrịta a dị:
PT (dBm) -PR (dBm) + GT (dBi) + GR (dBi) = 20log4pr (m) / l (m) + Lc (dB) + L0 (dB) N'ime usoro, Lc bụ ntinye ntinye feeder nke ọdụ ụgbọ ala na-ebufe antenna; L0 bụ mfu ebili mmiri redio n'oge mgbasa.
Mgbe ị na-emebe sistemu ahụ, oke oke kwesịrị ka ahapụ ya maka ihe ikpeazụ, mfu mgbasa ozi redio L0.
N'ozuzu, a chọrọ oke nke 10 ruo 15 dB mgbe ị na-agafe n'ọhịa na ụlọ obodo; a na-achọ oke nke 30 ruo 35 dB mgbe ị na-agafe ụlọ ndị siri ike.
Maka eriri ugboro 800MH, 900ZMHz CDMA na GSM, a na-ekwenyekarị na ọkwa nnabata nke ekwentị mkpanaaka dị ihe dịka -104dBm, na mgbama enwetara n'ezie kwesịrị ịdị ma ọ dịkarịa ala 10dB elu iji hụ na oke mgbama na mkpọtụ achọrọ. N'ezie, iji nọgide na-enwe nkwurịta okwu dị mma, a na-agbakọta ike natara dị ka -70 dBm. Were ya na ọdụ ntọala nwere paramita ndị a:
Ike nnyefe bụ PT = 20W = 43dBm; ike ịnata bụ PR = -70dBm;
Ọnwụ nke feeder bụ 2.4dB (ihe dị ka feeder 60m)
Ekwentị mkpanaaka na-anata erimeri uru GR = 1.5dBi;
Ogologo oge na-arụ ọrụ λ = 33.333cm (dabere na ugboro f0 = 900MHz);
Usoro nzikọrịta ozi dị n'elu ga-abụ:
43dBm-(-70dBm)+ GT(dBi)+1.5dBi=32dB+ 20logr(m) dB +2.4dB + mbelata mgbasa L0
114.5dB+ GT(dBi) -34.4dB = 20logr(m)+ mfu mgbasa L0
80.1dB+ GT(dBi) = 20logr(m)+ mfu mgbasa L0
Mgbe uru dị n'akụkụ aka ekpe nke usoro a dị n'elu karịrị uru dị n'akụkụ aka nri, ya bụ:
GT(dBi)> 20logr(m) -80.1dB+ mfu mgbasa L0. Mgbe enweghị ahaghị nhata na-ejide, enwere ike iche na usoro ahụ nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe nkwurịta okwu dị mma.
Ọ bụrụ na ọdụ ọdụ na-eji antenna na-ebugharị omnidirectional nwere uru GT = 11dBi na anya dị n'etiti eriri na-ebufe na nnata bụ R=1000m, nzikọrịta nzikọrịta ozi ga-aghọ 11dB>60-80.1dB + mfu mgbasa L0, ya bụ, mgbe mfu mgbasa L0, enwere ike idobe nzikọrịta ozi nke ọma n'ime kilomita 1.
N'okpuru otu mgbasa ọnọdụ ọnwụ dị n'elu, ọ bụrụ na antenna na-ebufe na-enweta GT = 17dBi, ya bụ, mmụba nke 6dBi, enwere ike ịbawanye anya nkwurịta okwu, ya bụ, r = 2 kilomita. Enwere ike wepụta ndị ọzọ n'otu ụzọ ahụ. Agbanyeghị, ekwesịrị ịmara na antenna ọdụ ọdụ nwere GT nke 17dBi nwere ike ịnwe mkpuchi mkpuchi nwere ụdị fan nwere obosara nke 30°, 65° ma ọ bụ 90°, wdg, na enweghị ike idowe mkpuchi omnidirectional.
Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụrụ na eri na-ebufe GT = 11dBi na-anọgide na-agbanweghị agbanwe na ngụkọ dị n'elu, mana gburugburu ebe mgbasa ozi na-agbanwe, mfu mgbasa L0 = 31.1dB-20dB = 11.1dB, mgbe ahụ mbelata mgbasa mgbasa 20dB ga-abawanye ogologo nkwurịta okwu okpukpu iri, ya bụ, r = 10 kilomita. Okwu mfu mgbasa ahụ metụtara gburugburu electromagnetic gburugburu. N'ime obodo mepere emepe, enwere ọtụtụ ụlọ dị elu na mfu mgbasa dị ukwuu. N'ime ime obodo dịpụrụ adịpụ, ụlọ ndị a na-arụ ọrụ ugbo dị obere ma dị obere, na mfu mgbasa dị obere. Ya mere, ọbụlagodi ma ọ bụrụ na ntọala usoro nkwurịta okwu bụ kpọmkwem otu, mkpuchi mkpuchi dị irè ga-adị iche n'ihi ọdịiche dị na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ya mere, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ omnidirectional, antennas direction na nnukwu uru ma ọ bụ ụdị antenna dị ala, ọ dị mkpa ka ị tụlee iji antenna ọdụ ọdụ nke ụdị dị iche iche na nkọwa dị iche iche dabere na ọnọdụ kpọmkwem nke netwọk nkwurịta okwu mkpanaka na gburugburu ngwa.
Iji mụtakwuo maka antennas, biko gaa na:
Oge nzipu: Jul-25-2025
