Site na mgbasawanye nke ngwaọrụ ikuku, ọrụ data abanyela oge ọhụrụ nke mmepe ngwa ngwa, nke a makwaara dị ka uto mgbawa nke ọrụ data. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ngwa na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebugharị site na kọmputa gaa na ngwaọrụ ikuku dị ka ekwentị mkpanaaka nke dị mfe iburu ma rụọ ọrụ ozugbo, mana ọnọdụ a emewokwa ka mmụba ngwa ngwa na data data na ụkọ bandwidth akụrụngwa. . Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, ọnụego data dị na ahịa nwere ike iru Gbps ma ọ bụ ọbụna Tbps n'ime afọ 10 ruo 15 na-esote. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nzikọrịta ozi THz eruola ọnụego data Gbps, ebe ọnụọgụ data Tbps ka nọ na mmalite mmalite nke mmepe. Akwụkwọ metụtara na-edepụta ọganihu kachasị ọhụrụ na ọnụego data Gbps dabere na band THz wee buru amụma na enwere ike nweta Tbps site na ịgbanye ọtụtụ ihe. Ya mere, iji mee ka ọnụego nnyefe data dịkwuo elu, ihe ngwọta nwere ike ime bụ ịmepụta ihe ọhụrụ ugboro ugboro, nke bụ terahertz band, nke dị na "ebe oghere" n'etiti microwaves na ìhè infrared. Na ITU World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) na 2019, a na-eji ugboro ugboro nke 275-450GHz maka ọrụ mkpanaaka na ala. Enwere ike ịhụ na usoro nkwurịta okwu ikuku terahertz adọtala uche nke ọtụtụ ndị nchọpụta.
A na-akọwakarị ebili mmiri electromagnetic Terahertz dị ka eriri ugboro nke 0.1-10THz (1THz=1012Hz) yana ogologo ogologo nke 0.03-3 mm. Dị ka ọkọlọtọ IEEE si dị, a na-akọwa ebili mmiri terahertz dị ka 0.3-10THz. Ọgụgụ 1 na-egosi na eriri ugboro terahertz dị n'etiti microwaves na ìhè infrared.
Fig. 1 Eserese atụmatụ nke bandwit ugboro THz.
Mmepe nke Terahertz Antennas
Ọ bụ ezie na nchọpụta terahertz malitere na narị afọ nke 19, a mụọghị ya dị ka ubi nwere onwe ya n'oge ahụ. Nchoputa nke terahertz radieshon lekwasịrị anya na band infrared dị anya. Ọ bụghị ruo n'etiti etiti narị afọ nke 20 ka ndị nchọpụta malitere ịkwalite nyocha ebili mmiri millimeter na ìgwè terahertz ma na-eduzi nyocha teknụzụ terahertz pụrụ iche.
N'afọ ndị 1980, mpụta nke isi mmalite radieshon terahertz mere ka itinye ebili mmiri terahertz n'ime usoro bara uru. Kemgbe narị afọ nke 21, teknụzụ nzikọrịta ozi ikuku etolitela ngwa ngwa, na ọchịchọ ndị mmadụ na-achọ ozi na mmụba nke akụrụngwa nzikọrịta ozi ewepụtala ihe ndị siri ike chọrọ maka ọnụego nzikọrịta ozi. Ya mere, otu n'ime ihe ịma aka nke teknụzụ nzikọrịta ozi n'ọdịnihu bụ ịrụ ọrụ na oke data gigabits kwa sekọnd n'otu ebe. N'okpuru mmepe akụ na ụba ugbu a, akụrụngwa ụdịdị adịla ụkọ. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị mmadụ chọrọ maka ikike nzikọrịta ozi na ọsọ ọsọ adịghị agwụ agwụ. Maka nsogbu nke nchikota ụdịdị dị iche iche, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji teknụzụ ntinye ọtụtụ ntinye aka (MIMO) iji meziwanye arụmọrụ dị iche iche na ikike usoro site na nhazi oghere. Site na ọganihu nke netwọkụ 5G, ọsọ njikọ data nke onye ọrụ ọ bụla ga-agafe Gbps, na data data nke ọdụ ọdụ ga-abawanye nke ukwuu. Maka usoro nzikọrịta ozi ebili mmiri milimita ọdịnala, njikọ microwave agaghị enwe ike ijikwa nnukwu iyi data ndị a. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, n'ihi mmetụta nke akara anya, ebe nnyefe nke nkwurịta okwu infrared dị mkpụmkpụ na ebe a na-edozi ngwa ngwa ya. Ya mere, ebili mmiri THz, nke dị n'etiti microwaves na infrared, nwere ike iji wuo usoro nkwurịta okwu dị elu ma na-abawanye ọnụego nnyefe data site na iji njikọ THz.
Terahertz ebili mmiri nwere ike inye bandwidth nkwurịta okwu sara mbara, yana ugboro ugboro ya dị ihe dị ka 1000 ugboro nke nkwukọrịta mkpanaka. Ya mere, iji THz wulite usoro nkwurịta okwu ikuku dị elu bụ ihe ngwọta na-ekwe nkwa maka ihe ịma aka nke ọnụego data dị elu, nke dọtara mmasị nke ọtụtụ ndị otu nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ. Na Septemba 2017, a tọhapụrụ ọkọlọtọ nkwurịta okwu ikuku ikuku THZ nke mbụ IEEE 802.15.3d-2017, nke na-akọwa mgbanwe data n'ókè nke THz dị ala nke 252-325 GHz. Okpokoro anụ ahụ ọzọ (PHY) nke njikọ ahụ nwere ike nweta ọnụego data ruru 100 Gbps na bandwidth dị iche iche.
E hiwere usoro nkwurịta okwu THz mbụ nke 0.12 THz na 2004, na usoro nkwurịta okwu THz nke 0.3 THZ nwetara na 2013. Isiokwu 1 depụtara ọganihu nyocha nke usoro nkwurịta okwu terahertz na Japan site na 2004 ruo 2013.
Tebụl 1 Ọganihu nyocha nke sistemu nkwukọrịta terahertz na Japan site na 2004 ruo 2013
Nippon Telegraph na Telephone Corporation (NTT) kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu nhazi usoro nzikọrịta ozi nke e mepụtara na 2004 na 2005. E webatara nhazi antenna n'okwu abụọ, dịka egosiri na Figure 2.
Ọgụgụ 2 Eserese atụmatụ nke sistemụ nkwurịta okwu ikuku nke Japan NTT 120 GHz
Sistemụ ahụ na-ejikọ ntụgharị fotoelectric na antenna wee nabata ụdị ọrụ abụọ:
1. N'ime ime ụlọ dị nso, onye na-ebufe antenna planar na-eji n'ime ụlọ nwere otu eriri foto fotodiode (UTC-PD), eriri oghere planar na oghere silicon, dị ka egosiri na foto 2 (a).
2. N'ebe dị anya n'èzí, iji meziwanye mmetụta nke nnukwu nnyefe nnyefe na obere mmetụta nke onye nchọpụta, antenna transmitter ga-enwerịrị uru dị elu. Eriri terahertz dị ugbu a na-eji oghere anya Gaussian nwere uru karịrị 50 dBi. Egosiri mpi nri na nchikota oghere dielectric na eserese 2(b).
Na mgbakwunye na ịmepụta usoro nkwurịta okwu 0.12 THz, NTT mekwara usoro nkwurịta okwu 0.3THz na 2012. Site na njikarịcha na-aga n'ihu, ọnụego nnyefe nwere ike ịdị elu dị ka 100Gbps. Dị ka a na-ahụ na Tebụl 1, o meela nnukwu onyinye na mmepe nke nkwurịta okwu terahertz. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ nyocha nke ugbu a nwere ihe ọghọm nke obere oge na-arụ ọrụ, nnukwu nha na ọnụ ahịa dị elu.
A na-agbanwe ọtụtụ n'ime antenna terahertz a na-eji ugbu a site na antennas ebili mmiri milimita, na enwere ntakịrị ihe ọhụrụ na antenna terahertz. Ya mere, iji kwalite arụmọrụ nke usoro nkwurịta okwu terahertz, ọrụ dị mkpa bụ ịkwalite antenna terahertz. Tebụl 2 depụtara ọganihu nyocha nke nzikọrịta ozi German THz. Onyonyo 3 (a) na-egosi onye nnọchi anya sistemụ nkwurịta okwu ikuku ikuku THz na-ejikọta fotonics na eletrọnịkị. Ọgụgụ 3 (b) na-egosi ọnọdụ nnwale ọwara ikuku. N'ikpe ikpe site na ọnọdụ nyocha dị ugbu a na Germany, nyocha ya na mmepe ya nwekwara adịghị ike dị ka obere ọrụ ugboro ole, ọnụ ahịa dị elu na obere arụmọrụ.
Isiokwu 2 Ọganihu nyocha nke nkwurịta okwu THz na Germany
Ọgụgụ 3 Ọnọdụ ule ọwara ikuku
CSIRO ICT Center ebidola nyocha na sistemụ nkwukọrịta ikuku ime ime ụlọ THz. Ebe etiti ahụ mụrụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti afọ na ugboro nzikọrịta ozi, dị ka egosiri na eserese 4. Dịka enwere ike ịhụ site na eserese 4, ka ọ na-erule 2020, nyocha na nkwukọrịta ikuku na-agbadata na band THz. Oge nzikọrịta ozi kachasị na iji ụdịdị dị iche iche nke redio na-abawanye ihe dị ka ugboro iri kwa afọ iri abụọ. Ebe etiti ahụ ewepụtala ndụmọdụ gbasara ihe achọrọ maka antenna THz yana mpio ọdịnala atụpụtara dịka mpi na anya m maka sistemu nkwukọrịta THz. Dị ka egosiri na eserese 5, antennas mpi abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na 0.84THz na 1.7THz n'otu n'otu, na-enwe usoro dị mfe na ezigbo arụmọrụ Gaussian.
Ọgụgụ 4 Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti afọ na ugboro ole
RM-BDHA818-20A
RM-DCPHA105145-20
Ọgụgụ 5 Ụdị antenna mpi abụọ
United States emeela nyocha buru ibu na nputa na ịchọpụta ebili mmiri terahertz. Ụlọ nyocha nyocha terahertz a ma ama gụnyere Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), US National Laboratory (LLNL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Science Foundation (NSF), wdg. Emebere antenna terahertz ọhụrụ maka ngwa terahertz, dị ka antenna bowtie na antennas steering steeling. Dabere na mmepe nke terahertz antennas, anyị nwere ike nweta echiche atọ bụ isi maka eriri terahertz ugbu a, dị ka egosiri na eserese 6.
Ọgụgụ 6 Echiche atọ bụ isi maka eriri terahertz
Ntụle a dị n'elu na-egosi na ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ mba etinyela uche dị ukwuu na antenna terahertz, ọ ka nọ na nyocha mbụ na mmepe mmepe. N'ihi mfu mgbasa dị elu yana mmịkọ molekụla, antennas THz na-amachikarị site na anya mbufe na mkpuchi. Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-elekwasị anya na obere oge arụ ọrụ na band THz. Nnyocha antenna terahertz dị adị na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite uru site na iji antenna lens dielectric, wdg, na ịkwalite arụmọrụ nkwukọrịta site na iji algọridim kwesịrị ekwesị. Na mgbakwunye, otu esi emeziwanye arụmọrụ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa antenna terahertz bụkwa okwu dị ngwa ngwa.
Antenna THz General
Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị antenna THz dị: antennas dipole nwere oghere conical, akụkụ reflector arrays, bowtie dipoles, dielectric lens planar antennas, fotoconductive antennas maka ịmepụta isi iyi radieshon THz, antenna mpi, antenna THz dabere na ihe graphene, wdg. Ihe eji eme antenna THz, enwere ike kewaa ha na antenna metal (karịsịa mpi mpi), antenna dielectric (enten lens), na antennas ihe ọhụrụ. Akụkụ a na-ebu ụzọ nye nyocha mbido nke antennas ndị a, ma na ngalaba na-esote, a na-ewebata antenna THz ise nke ọma na nyocha na omimi.
1. Igwe igwe
Igwe mpi ahụ bụ mpi igwe ejiri mara nke emebere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na band THz. Antenna nke ihe na-anata ebili mmiri milimita bụ mpi conical. Corrugated na abụọ-mode antennas nwere ọtụtụ uru, gụnyere rotationally symmetric usoro radieshon, nnukwu uru nke 20 ka 30 dBi na obere cross-polarization larịị nke -30 dB, na njikọ njikọ nke 97% ruo 98%. Oghere bandwidth dị nke eriri mpi abụọ ahụ bụ 30% -40% na 6% -8%, n'otu n'otu.
Ebe ọ bụ na ugboro nke terahertz ebili mmiri dị nnọọ elu, nha nke mpi mpi dị ntakịrị, nke na-eme ka nhazi nke mpi ahụ sie ike, karịsịa na nhazi nke antennas, na mgbagwoju anya nke nkà na ụzụ nhazi na-eduga n'ịkwụ ụgwọ dị ukwuu na ọnụ ahịa. mmepụta oke. N'ihi ihe isi ike dị n'ichepụta ala nke mpi mpi dị mgbagwoju anya, a na-ejikarị antenna mpi dị mfe n'ụdị mpi conical ma ọ bụ conical, nke nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa na usoro mgbagwoju anya, na arụ ọrụ radieshon nke antenna nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe. nke ọma.
Eriri igwe ọzọ bụ antenna pyramid na-efegharị efegharị, nke nwere eriri na-efegharị efegharị agbakwunyere na ihe nkiri dielectric 1.2 micron ma kwụsịtụrụ n'ime oghere ogologo ogologo nke etinyere na wafer silicon, dị ka egosiri na foto 7. Anten a bụ ihe owuwu mepere emepe nke dị na ya. dakọtara na Schottky diodes. N'ihi nhazi ya dị mfe yana ihe nrụpụta dị ala, enwere ike iji ya na eriri ugboro karịa 0.6 THZ. Agbanyeghị, ọkwa sidelobe na ọkwa cross-polarization nke antenna dị elu, ikekwe n'ihi usoro mepere emepe. Ya mere, njikota ya dị ntakịrị (ihe dịka 50%).
Onyonyo 7 Antenna pyramidal na-efegharị efegharị
2. Dielectric antenna
Antenna dielectric bụ ngwakọta nke mkpụrụ dielectric na radiator antenna. Site n'ichepụta nke ọma, antenna dielectric nwere ike nweta ihe nrịbama nke dabara na onye nchọpụta, ma nwee uru nke usoro dị mfe, ntinye dị mfe, na ọnụ ala. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị nchọpụta emebela ọtụtụ eriri eriri dị warara na brọdband nke nwere ike dakọtara na ihe nchọpụta dị ala nke terahertz dielectric antennas: antenna nru ububa, antenna U-ugboro abụọ, antenna log-periodic, na log-periodic sinusoidal antenna, dị ka. egosiri na onyonyo 8. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike imepụta geometry antenna dị mgbagwoju anya site na algọridim mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
Ọgụgụ 8 Ụdị antenna atụmatụ anọ
Otú ọ dị, ebe ọ bụ na ejikọta antenna dielectric na ihe dị iche iche dielectric, mmetụta nke elu elu ga-eme mgbe ugboro na-adabere na band THz. Mwepu a na-egbu egbu ga-eme ka antenna ghara inwe ike mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ma mee ka mbelata dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ radieshon antenna. Dịka egosiri na eserese 9, mgbe akụkụ radieshon antenna dị ukwuu karịa akụkụ mbelata, ike ya na-echekwa na mkpụrụ dielectric yana jikọtara ya na ọnọdụ mkpụrụ.
Ọgụgụ 9 Mmetụta ebili mmiri nke antenna
Ka ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpụrụ osisi na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị usoro dị elu na-abawanye, na njikọ dị n'etiti antenna na mkpụrụ na-abawanye, na-akpata ọnwụ ike. Iji mebie mmetụta ebili mmiri nke elu, enwere atụmatụ kachasị mma atọ:
1) Bunye oghere n'elu antenna iji bulie uru site na iji njirimara beamforming nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic.
2) Belata ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpụrụ iji gbochie ọgbọ nke ụdị dị elu nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic.
3) Dochie ihe dielectric mkpụrụ na oghere electromagnetic band (EBG). Njirimara nzacha oghere nke EBG nwere ike igbochi ụdị usoro dị elu.
3. Antenna ihe ọhụrụ
Na mgbakwunye na antenna abụọ dị n'elu, e nwekwara antenna terahertz nke ihe ọhụrụ mere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 2006, Jin Hao et al. tụrụ aro ka carbon nanotube dipole antenna. Dịka e gosiri na eserese 10 (a), a na-eji carbon nanotubes mee dipole kama ịbụ ihe igwe. O ji nlezianya mụọ njirimara infrared na ngwa anya nke carbon nanotube dipole antenna wee kwurịta njirimara izugbe nke eriri carbon nanotube dipole ogologo ogologo, dị ka ntinye ntinye, nkesa ugbu a, uru, arụmọrụ na ụkpụrụ radieshon. Onyonyo 10 (b) na-egosi njikọ dị n'etiti ntinye ntinye na ugboro ole nke eriri carbon nanotube dipole. Dị ka a na-ahụ na eserese 10 (b), akụkụ a na-eche n'echiche nke impedance ntinye nwere otutu efu na ugboro dị elu. Nke a na-egosi na antenna nwere ike nweta ọtụtụ resonances na ugboro dị iche iche. N'ụzọ doro anya, antenna carbon nanotube na-egosiputa resonance n'ime oge ụfọdụ (ụrịrị THz dị ala), mana enweghị ike ịmegharị ya na mpụga oke a.
Ọgụgụ 10 (a) Carbon nanotube dipole antenna. (b) Ntinye impedance-ugboro akụkụ
N'afọ 2012, Samir F. Mahmoud na Ayed R. AlAjmi tụpụtara usoro antenna terahertz ọhụrụ dabere na carbon nanotubes, nke nwere ngwugwu carbon nanotubes nke a na-etinye n'ime akwa abụọ dielectric. Igwe dielectric dị n'ime bụ oyi akwa ụfụfụ dielectric, na oyi akwa dielectric dị n'èzí bụ oyi akwa metamaterial. E gosipụtara usoro a kapịrị ọnụ na eserese 11. Site na nnwale, arụ ọrụ radieshon nke antenna na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere carbon nanotubes nwere mgbidi.
Ọgụgụ 11 Oghere terahertz ọhụrụ dabere na carbon nanotubes
Ihe ọhụrụ terahertz antennas a chọrọ n'elu bụ akụkụ atọ. Iji meziwanye bandwit nke antenna ma mee antennas conformal, antennas graphene anabatala nlebara anya zuru oke. Graphene nwere ezigbo njikwa njikwa na-aga n'ihu ma nwee ike ịmepụta plasma elu site n'ịgbanwe voltaji na-adịghị mma. Plasma dị n'elu dị na interface n'etiti ihe ndị dị mma dielectric mgbe niile (dị ka Si, SiO2, wdg) na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma dielectric mgbe nile (dị ka ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa, graphene, wdg). Enwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke "electrons efu" na ndị nduzi dị ka ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa na graphene. A na-akpọkwa electron ndị a n'efu plasmas. N'ihi mpaghara nwere ike ime na onye na-eduzi, plasma ndị a nọ n'ọnọdụ kwụsiri ike na ụwa adịghị enye nsogbu. Mgbe ike ebili mmiri elektrọnik ihe merenụ jikọtara ya na plasma ndị a, plasma ga-apụ n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ wee maa jijiji. Mgbe ntụgharị ahụ gasịrị, ọnọdụ electromagnetic na-etolite ntụgharị magnetik na-atụgharị na interface. Dị ka nkọwa nke mgbasa mgbasa nke metal elu plasma site Drude nlereanya, ọla enweghị ike ndammana-ejikọta na electromagnetic ebili mmiri na free ohere na tọghata ike. Ọ dị mkpa iji ihe ndị ọzọ mee ka ebili mmiri plasma dị elu. Ebili mmiri plasma dị n'elu na-ereka ngwa ngwa n'akụkụ ntụzịaka nke ihe nrụbama igwe. Mgbe onye na-eduzi ígwè na-eduzi na ntụziaka perpendicular n'elu, mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ na-eme. N'ụzọ doro anya, n'ihi obere nha nke antenna ahụ, enwere mmetụta akpụkpọ anụ na eriri ugboro dị elu, nke na-eme ka arụmọrụ antenna daa nke ọma na enweghị ike izute ihe achọrọ nke antennas terahertz. Plasmon dị elu nke graphene abụghị naanị nwere ike njikọ dị elu na mfu dị ala, kamakwa ọ na-akwado nzigharị ọkụ eletrik na-aga n'ihu. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, graphene nwere ihe mgbagwoju anya na eriri terahertz. Ya mere, ịgbasa ngwa ngwa na-emetụta ọnọdụ plasma na ugboro terahertz. Àgwà ndị a na-egosipụta n'ụzọ zuru ezu ike nke graphene iji dochie ihe ígwè dị na terahertz band.
Dabere na omume polarization nke plasmons elu graphene, eserese 12 na-egosi ụdị antenna warara ọhụrụ, wee tụpụta ụdị band nke njirimara mgbasa nke ebili mmiri plasma na graphene. Nhazi nke eriri antenna tunable na-enye ụzọ ọhụrụ iji mụọ njirimara mgbasa nke antennas terahertz ọhụrụ.
Ọgụgụ 12 Oghere warara ọhụrụ
Na mgbakwunye na ịgagharị unit ọhụrụ ihe erimeri terahertz, graphene nanopatch terahertz antennas nwekwara ike hazie dị ka arrays iji wuo terahertz multi-input multi-output antenna usoro nkwurịta okwu. Egosiri ihe owuwu antenna na eserese 13. Dabere na njirimara pụrụ iche nke antenna graphene nanopatch, ihe antenna nwere akụkụ micron-scale. Ntube ikuku kemịkalụ na-emepụta ihe onyonyo graphene dị iche iche na oyi akwa nickel dị mkpa ma na-ebufe ha na mkpụrụ ọ bụla. Site n'ịhọrọ ọnụ ọgụgụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke akụrụngwa na ịgbanwe voltaji eletrọnịkị nke eletrọnịkị, ntụzịaka radieshon nwere ike gbanwee nke ọma, na-eme ka usoro ahụ gbanwee.
Ọgụgụ 13 Graphene nanopatch terahertz antenna n'usoro
Nnyocha nke ihe ọhụrụ bụ ntụziaka ọhụrụ dịtụ ọhụrụ. A na-atụ anya imepụta ihe ọhụrụ ga-emebi oke nke antennas ọdịnala wee mepụta ọtụtụ antenna ọhụrụ dị iche iche, dị ka metamaterials reconfigurable, ihe akụkụ abụọ (2D), wdg. Agbanyeghị, ụdị antenna a dabere na nrụpụta ọhụrụ. ihe na ọganihu nke teknụzụ usoro. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, mmepe nke antennas terahertz chọrọ ihe ọhụrụ, teknụzụ nhazi ziri ezi na ihe owuwu ihe ọhụụ iji zute uru dị elu, ọnụ ala na nnukwu bandwidth chọrọ nke antenna terahertz.
Ndị na-esonụ na-ewebata ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke ụdị atọ nke terahertz antennas: antenna metal, antennas dielectric na antennas ọhụrụ, na nyochaa ọdịiche na uru na ọghọm ha.
1. Metal antenna: The geometry dị mfe, dị mfe nhazi, dịtụ ọnụ ala, na ala chọrọ maka substrate ihe. Agbanyeghị, antennas igwe na-eji usoro igwe emezi ọnọdụ nke antenna, nke na-enwekarị mmejọ. Ọ bụrụ na ngbanwe ahụ ezighi ezi, arụmọrụ nke antenna ga-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ ezie na antenna metal dị obere n'ogo, ọ na-esiri ike ịgbakọta na sekit planar.
2. Antenna Dielectric: Antenna dielectric nwere ntinye ntinye dị ala, ọ dị mfe iji tụnyere ihe nchọpụta dị ala, ọ dịkwa mfe iji jikọọ na sekit planar. Ụdị geometric nke antenna dielectric gụnyere udi nru ububa, udi U okpukpu abụọ, ọdịdị logarithmic omenala na ụdị sine logarithmic oge. Agbanyeghị, antennas dielectric nwekwara ntụpọ na-egbu egbu, ya bụ mmetụta ebili mmiri nke elu nke oke mkpụrụ na-akpata. Ihe ngwọta bụ ịkwanye oghere ma jiri usoro EBG dochie mkpụrụ osisi dielectric. Ngwọta abụọ a chọrọ ihe ọhụrụ na nkwalite na-aga n'ihu nke teknụzụ usoro na ihe, mana arụmọrụ ha dị mma (dịka omnidirectionality na mbelata ebili mmiri) nwere ike ịnye echiche ọhụrụ maka nyocha nke antennas terahertz.
3. Antenna ihe ọhụrụ: Ugbu a, antennas dipole ọhụrụ mere nke carbon nanotubes na ihe owuwu antenna ọhụrụ nke metamaterials mere. Ihe ọhụrụ nwere ike iweta ọganihu arụmọrụ ọhụrụ, mana ihe bụ isi bụ mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke sayensị ihe. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha na antennas ihe ọhụrụ ka nọ n'ọkwa nyocha, na ọtụtụ teknụzụ ndị bụ isi etobeghị nke ọma.
Na nchịkọta, enwere ike ịhọrọ ụdị antenna terahertz dị iche iche dịka ihe achọrọ si dị:
1) Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ imewe dị mfe na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị ala, enwere ike ịhọrọ antenna metal.
2) Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ njikọ dị elu na ntinye ntinye dị ala, enwere ike ịhọrọ antenna dielectric.
3) Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ọganihu na arụmọrụ, enwere ike ịhọrọ antenna ihe ọhụrụ.
Enwere ike ịhazi atụmatụ ndị a dị n'elu dịka ihe a chọrọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ijikọ ụdị antenna abụọ iji nweta uru ndị ọzọ, mana usoro mgbakọ na teknụzụ imewe ga-enwerịrị ihe ndị siri ike chọrọ.
Iji mụtakwuo maka antennas, biko gaa na:
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-02-2024
