Ka ọtụtụ ngwaọrụ ikuku na-ewu ewu, ọrụ data abanyela n'oge ọhụrụ nke mmepe ngwa ngwa, nke a makwaara dị ka mmụba dị egwu nke ọrụ data. Ugbu a, ọtụtụ ngwa na-esi na kọmputa na-agagharị nwayọ nwayọ gaa na ngwaọrụ ikuku dị ka ekwentị mkpanaaka nke dị mfe ibu ma rụọ ọrụ n'oge, mana ọnọdụ a edugakwala na mmụba ngwa ngwa na okporo ụzọ data na ụkọ akụrụngwa bandwit. Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, ọnụego data dị n'ahịa nwere ike iru Gbps ma ọ bụ ọbụna Tbps n'ime afọ 10 ruo 15 sochirinụ. Ugbu a, nkwukọrịta THZ erutela ọnụego data Gbps, ebe ọnụego data Tbps ka dị na mmalite nke mmepe. Akwụkwọ metụtara ya depụtara ọganihu kachasị ọhụrụ na ọnụego data Gbps dabere na band THZ ma buru amụma na enwere ike nweta Tbps site na multiplexing polarization. Ya mere, iji mee ka ọnụego nnyefe data dịkwuo elu, ngwọta enwere ike ime bụ ịmepụta band frequency ọhụrụ, nke bụ band terahertz, nke dị na "ebe oghere" n'etiti microwaves na ìhè infrared. Na ogbako ITU World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) na 2019, ejirila ugboro ole nke 275-450GHz mee ọrụ ekwentị mkpanaaka na nke ala. A pụrụ ịhụ na sistemụ nkwukọrịta ikuku nke terahertz adọtala uche ọtụtụ ndị nchọpụta.
A na-akọwakarị ebili mmiri elektrọnik Terahertz dị ka eriri ugboro nke 0.1-10THz (1THz=1012Hz) nke nwere ogologo ebili nke 0.03-3 mm. Dịka ọkọlọtọ IEEE si dị, a na-akọwa ebili mmiri terahertz dị ka 0.3-10THz. Foto nke 1 na-egosi na eriri ugboro terahertz dị n'etiti microwaves na ìhè infrared.
Fig. 1. Ihe osise eserese nke eriri ugboro THZ.
Mmepe nke Terahertz Antenas
Ọ bụ ezie na nnyocha terahertz malitere na narị afọ nke 19, a mụghị ya dị ka ngalaba nọọrọ onwe ya n'oge ahụ. Nnyocha e mere na radieshon terahertz lekwasịrị anya karịsịa na eriri infrared dị anya. Ọ bụghị ruo etiti narị afọ nke 20 ka ndị nchọpụta malitere ịkwalite nnyocha ebili mmiri millimeter gaa na otu terahertz ma mee nchọpụta teknụzụ terahertz pụrụ iche.
N'afọ 1980, mpụta nke isi iyi radieshọn terahertz mere ka ojiji nke ebili mmiri terahertz na sistemụ bara uru kwe omume. Kemgbe narị afọ nke 21, teknụzụ nkwukọrịta ikuku etoola ngwa ngwa, ọchịchọ ndị mmadụ maka ozi na mmụba nke akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta etinyela ihe achọrọ siri ike karịa na ọnụego nnyefe nke data nkwukọrịta. Ya mere, otu n'ime ihe ịma aka nke teknụzụ nkwukọrịta n'ọdịnihu bụ ịrụ ọrụ na oke data gigabits kwa sekọnd n'otu ebe. N'okpuru mmepe akụ na ụba ugbu a, akụrụngwa spectrum aghọwo ihe dị ụkọ. Agbanyeghị, ihe mmadụ chọrọ maka ikike nkwukọrịta na ọsọ enweghị njedebe. Maka nsogbu nke mkpọchi spectrum, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji teknụzụ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) iji melite arụmọrụ spectrum na ikike sistemụ site na multiplexing oghere. Site na mmepe nke netwọk 5G, ọsọ njikọ data nke onye ọrụ ọ bụla ga-agafe Gbps, okporo ụzọ data nke ọdụ ntọala ga-abawanyekwa nke ukwuu. Maka sistemụ nkwukọrịta ebili mmiri millimeter ọdịnala, njikọ microwave agaghị enwe ike ijikwa nnukwu iyi data ndị a. Tinyere nke ahụ, n'ihi mmetụta nke ahịrị anya, anya nnyefe nke nkwukọrịta infrared dị mkpụmkpụ ma ebe ngwaọrụ nkwukọrịta ya dị. Ya mere, enwere ike iji ebili mmiri THZ, nke dị n'etiti microwaves na infrared, wuo sistemụ nkwukọrịta ọsọ ọsọ ma mụbaa ọnụego nnyefe data site na iji njikọ THZ.
Ebili mmiri Terahertz nwere ike inye bandwit nkwukọrịta sara mbara, oke ugboro ya dịkwa ihe dị ka ugboro 1000 karịa nke nkwukọrịta ekwentị. Ya mere, iji THZ wuo sistemụ nkwukọrịta ikuku dị oke ọsọ bụ ihe ngwọta na-ekwe nkwa maka ihe ịma aka nke ọnụego data dị elu, nke dọtara mmasị nke ọtụtụ ndị otu nyocha na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Na Septemba 2017, ewepụtara ọkọlọtọ nkwukọrịta ikuku THZ mbụ IEEE 802.15.3d-2017, nke na-akọwa mgbanwe data isi-ruo-isi na oke ugboro THZ dị ala nke 252-325 GHz. Oyi akwa anụ ahụ ọzọ (PHY) nke njikọ ahụ nwere ike iru ọnụego data ruru 100 Gbps na bandwit dị iche iche.
E guzobere sistemụ nkwukọrịta THZ mbụ nke 0.12 THZ na 2004, e mekwara usoro nkwukọrịta THZ nke 0.3 THZ na 2013. Tebụl nke 1 depụtara ọganihu nyocha nke sistemụ nkwukọrịta terahertz na Japan site na 2004 ruo 2013.
Tebụl 1 Ọganihu nyocha nke sistemụ nkwukọrịta terahertz na Japan site na 2004 ruo 2013
Nippon Telegraph na Telephone Corporation (NTT) kọwara usoro antenna nke sistemụ nkwukọrịta e mepụtara na 2004 nke ọma na 2005. E webatara nhazi antenna n'ọnọdụ abụọ, dịka egosiri na Foto nke 2.
Foto nke 2. Eserese eserese nke sistemụ nkwukọrịta ikuku NTT 120 GHz nke Japan.
Sistemụ ahụ na-ejikọta ntụgharị fotoelectric na antenna ma na-eji ụdị ọrụ abụọ:
1. N'ime ụlọ dị nso, ihe na-ebufe antenna planar nke e ji eme ihe n'ime ụlọ nwere chip photodiode (UTC-PD) nke nwere otu ahịrị, antenna oghere planar na lenzi silicon, dịka egosiri na Foto 2(a).
2. N'ebe dị anya n'èzí, iji meziwanye mmetụta nke nnukwu mfu nnyefe na obere mmetụta nke ihe nchọpụta ahụ, antenna nnyefe ga-enwerịrị nnukwu uru. Antenna terahertz dị ugbu a na-eji anya anya Gaussian nke nwere uru karịa 50 dBi. E gosiri njikọ nke mpi nri na anya dielectric na Foto 2(b).
Na mgbakwunye na ịmepụta sistemụ nkwukọrịta 0.12 THZ, NTT mekwara sistemụ nkwukọrịta 0.3THz na 2012. Site na nhazi na-aga n'ihu, ọnụego nnyefe nwere ike ịdị elu ruo 100Gbps. Dịka a pụrụ ịhụ na Tebụl 1, o tinyere aka dị ukwuu na mmepe nke nkwukọrịta terahertz. Agbanyeghị, ọrụ nyocha ugbu a nwere ọghọm dị na obere ugboro ọrụ, nnukwu nha na ọnụ ahịa dị elu.
A na-agbanwe ọtụtụ n'ime antenna terahertz eji ugbu a site na antenna millimeter ebili mmiri, enweghịkwa ihe ọhụrụ dị na antenna terahertz. Ya mere, iji melite arụmọrụ nke sistemụ nkwukọrịta terahertz, ọrụ dị mkpa bụ ime ka antenna terahertz dịkwuo mma. Tebụl nke 2 depụtara ọganihu nyocha nke nkwukọrịta THZ nke German. Foto nke 3 (a) na-egosi sistemụ nkwukọrịta ikuku THZ nke nnọchi anya ya na-ejikọta fotonik na eletrọniki. Foto nke 3 (b) na-egosi ebe nnwale ọwara ifufe. Site na ọnọdụ nyocha dị ugbu a na Germany, nyocha na mmepe ya nwekwara ọghọm dị ka obere ugboro ọrụ, ọnụ ahịa dị elu na obere arụmọrụ.
Tebụl nke 2 Ọganihu nyocha nke nkwukọrịta THZ na Germany
Foto nke 3 Ihe ngosi nnwale ọwara ifufe
Ụlọ Ọrụ ICT CSIRO amalitekwala nnyocha na sistemụ nkwukọrịta ikuku THZ n'ime ụlọ. Ebe a mụrụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti afọ na ugboro nkwukọrịta, dịka egosiri na Foto 4. Dịka a pụrụ ịhụ site na Foto 4, ka ọ na-erule 2020, nnyocha na nkwukọrịta ikuku na-adabere na band THZ. Oke ugboro nkwukọrịta na-eji redio na-abawanye ihe dị ka ugboro iri kwa afọ iri abụọ. Ebe a enyela ndụmọdụ gbasara ihe achọrọ maka antenna THZ na antenna ọdịnala dịka mpi na anya maka sistemụ nkwukọrịta THZ. Dịka egosiri na Foto 5, antenna mpi abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na 0.84THz na 1.7THz n'otu n'otu, yana nhazi dị mfe na arụmọrụ ọkụ Gaussian dị mma.
Foto nke 4 Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti afọ na ugboro ole
RM-BDHA818-20A
RM-DCPHA105145-20
Foto nke 5 Ụdị antenna abụọ nke mpi
Mba Amerịka emeela nnyocha sara mbara gbasara mwepụ na nchọpụta nke ebili mmiri terahertz. Ụlọ nyocha nnyocha terahertz a ma ama gụnyere Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), US National Laboratory (LLNL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Science Foundation (NSF), wdg. Emepụtala antenna terahertz ọhụrụ maka ngwa terahertz, dị ka antenna bowtie na antenna frequency beam steering antennas. Dịka mmepe nke antenna terahertz si dị, anyị nwere ike nweta echiche nhazi atọ maka antenna terahertz ugbu a, dịka egosiri na Foto 6.
Foto nke 6 Echiche nhazi atọ dị mkpa maka antenna terahertz
Nnyocha dị n'elu na-egosi na ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ mba etinyela nnukwu uche na antenna terahertz, ọ ka nọ n'ọkwa nchọpụta na mmepe mbụ. N'ihi oke mfu mgbasa na nnabata molekul, antenna THZ na-abụkarị oke site na anya nnyefe na mkpuchi. Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-elekwasị anya na obere ugboro ọrụ na band THZ. Nnyocha antenna terahertz dị ugbu a na-elekwasị anya na imeziwanye uru site na iji antenna lens dielectric, wdg, na imeziwanye arụmọrụ nkwukọrịta site na iji algọridim kwesịrị ekwesị. Na mgbakwunye, otu esi eme ka arụmọrụ nke nkwakọ ngwaahịa antenna terahertz dịkwuo mma bụkwa okwu dị oke mkpa.
Antenna THZ izugbe
E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị antenna THZ dị: antenna dipole nwere oghere kọnịk, usoro ntụgharị nkuku, dipoles bowtie, antenna planar lens dielectric, antenna photoconductive maka imepụta isi mmalite radieshon THZ, antenna mpi, antenna THZ dabere na ihe graphene, wdg. Dịka ihe eji eme antenna THZ si dị, enwere ike kewaa ha n'ime antenna ígwè (karịsịa antenna mpi), antenna dielectric (antenna lens), na antenna ihe ọhụrụ. Nkebi a na-ebu ụzọ nyochaa antenna ndị a, wee na ngalaba na-esote, a na-ewebata antenna THZ ise a na-ahụkarị n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma nyochaa ha nke ọma.
1. Antenna ígwè
Antenna mpi bụ antenna ígwè a na-ahụkarị nke e mere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na band THZ. Antenna nke ihe nnata ebili mmiri milimita ochie bụ mpi kọnịkal. Antenna corrugated na nke nwere ụdị abụọ nwere ọtụtụ uru, gụnyere ụkpụrụ radieshon na-agbanwe agbanwe, nnukwu uru nke 20 ruo 30 dBi na ọkwa polarization dị ala nke -30 dB, na arụmọrụ njikọ nke 97% ruo 98%. Bandwit dị nke antenna mpi abụọ ahụ bụ 30%-40% na 6%-8%, n'otu n'otu.
Ebe ọ bụ na ugboro ole ebili mmiri terahertz dị oke elu, nha nke antenna mpi dị obere nke ukwuu, nke na-eme ka nhazi nke mpi sie ike nke ukwuu, ọkachasị na nhazi nke antenna arrays, na mgbagwoju anya nke teknụzụ nhazi na-eduga na oke ọnụ ahịa na mmepụta pere mpe. N'ihi ihe isi ike n'ịmepụta ala nke imewe mpi mgbagwoju anya, a na-ejikarị antenna mpi dị mfe n'ụdị mpi conical ma ọ bụ conical, nke nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ahịa na mgbagwoju anya usoro, a pụkwara ịnọgide na-enwe arụmọrụ radieshon nke antenna nke ọma.
Antenna ígwè ọzọ bụ antenna pyramid ebili mmiri na-agagharị agagharị, nke nwere antenna ebili mmiri na-agagharị agagharị nke ejikọtara na fim dielectric micron 1.2 ma kwụgidere n'ime oghere ogologo nke e sere na wafer silicon, dịka egosiri na Foto 7. Antenna a bụ ihe owuwu mepere emepe nke dakọtara na diodes Schottky. N'ihi nhazi ya dị mfe na obere ihe achọrọ maka nrụpụta, enwere ike iji ya na eriri ugboro ugboro karịa 0.6 THz. Agbanyeghị, ọkwa akụkụ na ọkwa polarization nke antenna dị elu, ikekwe n'ihi nhazi ya mepere emepe. Ya mere, arụmọrụ njikọ ya dị ala (ihe dị ka 50%).
Foto nke 7 Antena pyramidal na-agagharị agagharị
2. Antenna Dielectric
Antenna dielectric bụ ngwakọta nke ihe na-emepụta dielectric na radiator antenna. Site na nhazi kwesịrị ekwesị, antenna dielectric nwere ike ime ka ihe nchọpụta ahụ dakọọ impedance, ma nwee uru nke usoro dị mfe, njikọta dị mfe, na ọnụ ala dị ala. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ndị nchọpụta emepụtala ọtụtụ antenna dị warara na broadband n'akụkụ ọkụ nke nwere ike ịdakọ na ihe nchọpụta dị ala nke antenna dielectric terahertz: antenna urukurubụba, antenna dị ka U abụọ, antenna periodic, na antenna sinusoidal log-periodic, dịka egosiri na Foto 8. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịmepụta geometrị antenna dị mgbagwoju anya site na algọridim mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.
Foto nke 8 Ụdị antenna anọ dị n'elu
Agbanyeghị, ebe ọ bụ na antenna dielectric na-ejikọta ya na ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, mmetụta ebili mmiri elu ga-eme mgbe ugboro ole ọ na-aga na band THZ. Nsogbu a na-egbu egbu ga-eme ka antenna ahụ tụfuo ike dị ukwuu n'oge ọrụ ma mee ka ọ belata nke ukwuu na arụmọrụ radieshọn antenna. Dịka egosiri na Foto nke 9, mgbe akụkụ radieshọn antenna karịrị akụkụ mbepụ, ike ya na-adị na ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe ma jikọta ya na ụdị ihe na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe.
Foto nke 9 Mmetụta ebili mmiri elu nke antenna
Ka ọkpụrụkpụ nke substrate ahụ na-abawanye, ọnụọgụ nke ụdịdị dị elu na-abawanye, njikọ dị n'etiti antenna na substrate ahụ na-abawanye, na-ebute mfu ike. Iji mee ka mmetụta ebili mmiri elu ghara ịdị ike, enwere atụmatụ nhazi atọ:
1) Bunye oghere na antenna iji mee ka uru ahụ dịkwuo elu site na iji njirimara nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic.
2) Belata ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ iji gbochie mmepụta nke ụdị ebili mmiri elektrọnik dị elu.
3) Jiri oghere band electromagnetic (EBG) dochie ihe dị n'okpuru ala nke ihe ahụ. Njirimara nzacha oghere nke EBG nwere ike igbochi ụdị dị elu.
3. Anteeno ihe ọhụrụ
Na mgbakwunye na antenna abụọ dị n'elu, enwerekwa antenna terahertz nke e ji ihe ọhụrụ mee. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 2006, Jin Hao na ndị otu ya tụrụ aro antenna dipole carbon. Dịka egosiri na Foto 10 (a), a na-eji dipole mee carbon nanotube kama ihe ígwè. O ji nlezianya mụọ ihe gbasara infrared na optical nke antenna dipole carbon nke ogologo ya, wee tụlee njirimara izugbe nke antenna dipole carbon nke nwere oke, dị ka impedance ntinye, nkesa ugbu a, uru, arụmọrụ na ụkpụrụ radieshon. Foto 10 (b) na-egosi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti impedance ntinye na ugboro ole nke antenna dipole carbon nanotube. Dịka a pụrụ ịhụ na Foto 10(b), akụkụ echiche nke impedance ntinye nwere ọtụtụ efu na ugboro ole dị elu. Nke a na-egosi na antenna nwere ike iru ọtụtụ resonances na ugboro ole dị iche iche. N'ụzọ doro anya, antenna nanotube carbon na-egosipụta resonance n'ime oke ugboro ole ụfọdụ (ugboro THZ dị ala), mana ọ nweghị ike ịkagharị n'èzí oke a.
Foto nke 10 (a) Antel nke carbon nanotube dipole. (b) Usoro mgbachi-ugboro ntinye
Na 2012, Samir F. Mahmoud na Ayed R. AlAjmi tụrụ aro nhazi antenna terahertz ọhụrụ dabere na nanotubes carbon, nke nwere ngwugwu nanotubes carbon nke ejiri akwa dielectric abụọ kechie. Akwa dielectric dị n'ime bụ akwa ụfụfụ dielectric, akwa dielectric dị n'èzí bụkwa akwa metamaterial. E gosipụtara nhazi ahụ kpọmkwem na Foto 11. Site na nnwale, arụ ọrụ radieshon nke antenna ka mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere nanotubes carbon nke nwere otu mgbidi.
Foto nke 11 Antenna terahertz ọhụrụ dabere na nanotubes carbon
Antenna terahertz ọhụrụ e kwuru n'elu bụ akụkụ atọ. Iji melite bandwit nke antenna ma mee antenna conformal, antenna graphene planar enwetawo nlebara anya zuru ebe niile. Graphene nwere njirimara njikwa na-aga n'ihu nke ọma ma nwee ike ịmepụta plasma elu site na ịgbanwe voltaji bias. Plasma elu dị na njikọ dị n'etiti ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe dielectric dị mma (dịka Si, SiO2, wdg) na ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe dielectric na-adịghị mma (dịka ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa, graphene, wdg). E nwere ọtụtụ "elektrọn efu" na ndị na-eduzi dị ka ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa na graphene. A na-akpọkwa elektrọn ndị a n'efu plasmas. N'ihi ubi nwere ike dị na onye na-eduzi, plasmas ndị a nọ n'ọnọdụ kwụsiri ike ma ụwa mpụga anaghị akpata nsogbu. Mgbe ike ebili mmiri electromagnetic nke merenụ jikọtara ya na plasma ndị a, plasmas ga-apụ na ọnọdụ kwụsiri ike ma maa jijiji. Mgbe mgbanwe ahụ gasịrị, ụdị electromagnetic na-emepụta ebili magnetik transverse na interface. Dịka nkọwa nke mmekọrịta mgbasa nke plasma elu ígwè site na ụdị Drude si dị, ọla enweghị ike ijikọ ebili mmiri electromagnetic n'ụzọ ebumpụta ụwa na oghere efu ma gbanwee ike. Ọ dị mkpa iji ihe ndị ọzọ kpalie ebili mmiri plasma elu. ebili mmiri plasma elu na-ere ngwa ngwa n'akụkụ yiri nke njikọ metal-substrate. Mgbe onye na-eduzi ígwè na-eduzi n'akụkụ kwụ ọtọ na elu, mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ na-apụta. N'ụzọ doro anya, n'ihi obere nha nke antenna ahụ, enwere mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ na band ugboro ugboro dị elu, nke na-eme ka arụmọrụ antenna daa nke ukwuu ma ghara iru ihe achọrọ nke antenna terahertz. Plasmon elu nke graphene abụghị naanị na ọ nwere ike ijikọ elu na obere mfu, kamakwa ọ na-akwado nhazi eletriki na-aga n'ihu. Na mgbakwunye, graphene nwere ike ịgbanwe agbanwe na band terahertz. Ya mere, mgbasa ebili mmiri nwayọ na-emetụta ụdị plasma na ugboro ugboro terahertz. Àgwà ndị a na-egosi nke ọma ohere nke graphene iji dochie ihe ígwè na band terahertz.
Dabere na omume polarization nke plasmons elu graphene, Foto nke 12 na-egosi ụdị antenna eriri ọhụrụ, ma na-atụ aro ọdịdị band nke njirimara mgbasa nke ebili mmiri plasma na graphene. Nhazi nke eriri antenna a na-agbanwe agbanwe na-enye ụzọ ọhụrụ iji mụọ njirimara mgbasa nke antenna terahertz ihe ọhụrụ.
Foto nke 12 Antenna eriri ọhụrụ
Na mgbakwunye na inyocha ihe ọhụrụ nke ihe terahertz antenna, enwere ike ịhazi antenna graphene nanopatch terahertz dị ka usoro iji wuo sistemụ nkwukọrịta antenna multi-input multi-output terahertz. E gosiri usoro antenna na Foto 13. Dabere na njirimara pụrụ iche nke antenna nanopatch graphene, ihe antenna nwere nha micron. Ndobe uzuoku kemịkalụ na-emepụta onyonyo graphene dị iche iche ozugbo na oyi akwa nickel dị gịrịgịrị ma na-ebufe ha na substrate ọ bụla. Site na ịhọrọ ọnụọgụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke ihe mejupụtara na ịgbanwe voltaji elektrọstatik bias, enwere ike ịgbanwe ntụziaka radieshon nke ọma, na-eme ka sistemụ ahụ nwee ike ịhazigharị.
Foto nke 13 Graphene nanopatch terahertz antenna a na-ahazi
Nnyocha nke ihe ọhụrụ bụ ụzọ ọhụrụ. A na-atụ anya na ihe ọhụrụ nke ihe ga-emebi oke nke antenna ọdịnala ma mepụta ọtụtụ antenna ọhụrụ, dị ka ihe metamaterials a na-ahazigharị, ihe nwere akụkụ abụọ (2D), wdg. Agbanyeghị, ụdị antenna a dabere na ihe ọhụrụ nke ihe ọhụrụ na ọganihu nke teknụzụ usoro. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, mmepe nke antenna terahertz chọrọ ihe ọhụrụ, teknụzụ nhazi ziri ezi na nhazi imewe ọhụrụ iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka uru dị elu, ọnụ ala na nnukwu bandwidth nke antenna terahertz.
Ihe ndị a na-egosi ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke ụdị antenna terahertz atọ: antenna ígwè, antenna dielectric na antenna ihe ọhụrụ, ma nyochaa ọdịiche na uru na ọghọm ha.
1. Antenna ígwè: Ọdịdị ya dị mfe, ọ dị mfe ịhazi, ọ dị ọnụ ala, ọ dịkwa obere mkpa maka ihe ndị e ji mee ihe. Agbanyeghị, antenna ígwè na-eji usoro igwe eme ihe iji dozie ọnọdụ antenna ahụ, nke na-enwekarị mmejọ. Ọ bụrụ na mgbanwe ahụ ezighi ezi, arụmọrụ nke antenna ahụ ga-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ọ bụ ezie na antenna ígwè ahụ pere mpe, ọ na-esiri ike ijikọ ya na sekit planar.
2. Antenna Dielectric: Antenna dielectric nwere obere mgbochi ntinye, ọ dị mfe ijikọ ya na ihe nchọpụta impedance dị ala, ọ dịkwa mfe ijikọ ya na sekit planar. Ọdịdị geometric nke antenna dielectric gụnyere ọdịdị urukurubụba, ọdịdị U abụọ, ọdịdị logarithmic nkịtị na ọdịdị logarithmic periodic sine. Agbanyeghị, antenna dielectric nwekwara ntụpọ na-egbu egbu, ya bụ mmetụta ebili mmiri elu nke substrate dị arọ kpatara. Ngwọta ya bụ ibunye lens ma dochie substrate dielectric na nhazi EBG. Ngwọta abụọ a chọrọ ihe ọhụrụ na mmezi na-aga n'ihu nke teknụzụ usoro na ihe, mana arụmọrụ ha dị mma (dịka omnidirectionality na mgbochi ebili mmiri elu) nwere ike inye echiche ọhụrụ maka nyocha nke antenna terahertz.
3. Anteeno ihe ọhụrụ: Ugbu a, anteeno dipole ọhụrụ e ji carbon nanotubes na usoro antenna ọhụrụ e ji metamaterials mee apụtala. Ihe ọhụrụ nwere ike iweta ọganihu arụmọrụ ọhụrụ, mana ihe e bu n'uche bụ imepụta ihe ọhụrụ nke sayensị ihe. Ugbu a, nnyocha gbasara anteeno ihe ọhụrụ ka nọ n'ọkwa nchọpụta, ọtụtụ teknụzụ dị mkpa ezughịkwa oke.
Na nchịkọta, enwere ike ịhọrọ ụdị antenna terahertz dị iche iche dịka ihe eji emepụta ya si dị:
1) Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ imewe dị mfe na obere ọnụ ahịa mmepụta, enwere ike ịhọrọ antenna ígwè.
2) Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ njikọta dị elu na obere mgbochi ntinye, enwere ike ịhọrọ antenna dielectric.
3) Ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ọganihu na arụmọrụ, enwere ike ịhọrọ antenna ihe ọhụrụ.
Enwere ike ịgbanwe atụmatụ ndị dị n'elu dịka ihe achọrọ si dị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ijikọ ụdị antenna abụọ iji nweta uru ndị ọzọ, mana usoro nhazi na teknụzụ imewe ga-emezu ihe achọrọ siri ike karị.
Iji mụtakwuo maka antenna, biko gaa na:
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-02-2024
