Ịrụ ọrụ nke iheantennana-ezo aka ike nke antenna iji gbanwee ike eletrik ntinye ka ọ bụrụ ike na-egbuke egbuke.Na nkwukọrịta ikuku, arụmọrụ antenna na-enwe mmetụta dị mkpa na ogo nnyefe na oriri ọkụ.
Enwere ike igosipụta arụmọrụ nke antenna site na usoro a:
Ịrụ ọrụ = (ike radieshon / ike ntinye) * 100%
N'ime ha, ike radieshon bụ ike electromagnetic nke antenna na-agbasa, na ike ntinye bụ ntinye ike eletrik na antenna.
Ọtụtụ ihe na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke antenna, gụnyere nhazi antenna, ihe onwunwe, nha, ugboro ole na-arụ ọrụ, wdg. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ka arụmọrụ nke antenna dị elu, otú ahụ ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ka ọ nwere ike gbanwee ike eletriki ntinye ka ọ bụrụ ike na-egbukepụ egbukepụ, si otú ahụ. imeziwanye ogo nke nnyefe mgbaàmà na ibelata oriri ike.
Ya mere, ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma bụ ihe dị mkpa nlebara anya mgbe ị na-emepụta na ịhọrọ antenna, karịsịa na ngwa ndị chọrọ nnyefe ogologo oge ma ọ bụ nwee ihe siri ike na ike oriri.
1. Antenna arụmọrụ
Onyonyo 1
Enwere ike ịkọwapụta echiche nke arụmọrụ antenna site na iji foto 1.
A na-eji ngụkọta arụmọrụ e0 eme ihe iji gbakọọ mfu antenna na ntinye yana n'ime nhazi antenna.N'ịtụ aka na eserese 1 (b), mfu ndị a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi:
1. Ntụleghachi n'ihi enweghị nkwekọrịta n'etiti eriri nnyefe na antenna;
2. Ndị na-eduzi na dielectric ọnwụ.
Enwere ike nweta mkpokọta arụmọrụ antenna site na usoro a:
Nke ahụ bụ, ngụkọta arụmọrụ = ngwaahịa nke arụghị ọrụ nke ọma, arụmọrụ onye nduzi na arụmọrụ dielectric.
Ọ na-esikarị ike ịgbakọ arụmọrụ onye nduzi na arụmọrụ dielectric, mana enwere ike ikpebi ya site na nnwale.Agbanyeghị, nnwale enweghị ike ịmata ọdịiche nke mfu abụọ ahụ, yabụ enwere ike idegharị usoro a dị n'elu dị ka:
ecd bụ arụmọrụ radieshon nke antenna na Γ bụ ọnụọgụ ntụgharị.
2. Nweta na enwetara uru
Metric ọzọ bara uru maka ịkọwapụta arụmọrụ antenna bụ uru.Ọ bụ ezie na uru nke antenna nwere njikọ chiri anya na Directivity, ọ bụ parameter na-eburu n'uche ma arụmọrụ na nhazi nke antenna.Directivity bụ oke na-akọwa naanị njirimara ntuziaka nke antenna, ya mere a na-ekpebi ya naanị site na usoro radieshon.
Akọwapụtara uru nke antenna na ntụzịaka a kapịrị ọnụ dị ka "4π ugboro nha nke ike radieshon na ntụzịaka ahụ na ike ntinye mkpokọta."Mgbe akọwapụtaghị ntụziaka ọ bụla, a na-ewerekarị uru na ntụziaka nke radieshon kachasị.Ya mere, enwere n'ozuzu:
N'ozuzu, ọ na-ezo aka na uru ikwu, nke a kọwara dị ka "oke nke uru ike na ntụziaka a kapịrị ọnụ na ike nke antenna ntụaka na ntụziaka ntụaka".Ike ntinye na antenna a ga-abụrịrị nha anya.Eriri ntụaka nwere ike ịbụ vibrator, mpi ma ọ bụ antenna ọzọ.Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji isi mmalite na-abụghị ntụzịaka dị ka antenna ntụaka.Ya mere:
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mkpokọta ike ọkụ na mkpokọta ike ntinye bụ nke a:
Dị ka ọkọlọtọ IEEE si dị, "Erite adịghị agụnye mfu n'ihi impedance mismatch (ntụgharị uche) na polarization mismatch (ọnwụ)."Enwere echiche uru abụọ, otu a na-akpọ uru (G) na nke ọzọ ka a na-akpọ uru a ga-enweta (Gre), nke na-eburu n'uche mfu nhụsianya/mismatch.
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti uru na nduzi bụ:
Ọ bụrụ na antenna ahụ dabara nke ọma na eriri nnyefe, ya bụ, impedance ntinye antenna Zin hà nhata njiri mara Zc nke ahịrị (| Γ| = 0), mgbe ahụ uru na uru a ga-enweta bụ nhata (Gre = G). ).
Iji mụtakwuo maka antennas, biko gaa:
Oge nzipu: Jun-14-2024
