Akụkọ - Nyocha nke antenna eriri nnyefe dabere na ihe ndị dị na metamaterials (Nkebi nke 2)

2. Itinye MTM-TL n'ọrụ na Sistemụ Antenna
Nkebi a ga-elekwasị anya na TLs arụrụ arụ na ụfọdụ n'ime ngwa ha kachasị na nke dị mkpa maka imezu ụdị antenna dị iche iche nwere ọnụ ala dị ala, nrụpụta dị mfe, obere nhazi, nnukwu bandwidth, uru dị elu na arụmọrụ, ikike nyocha sara mbara na obere profaịlụ. A ga-atụle ha n'okpuru.

1. Antena broadband na ọtụtụ ugboro
N'ime TL nkịtị nwere ogologo l, mgbe enyere ugboro angular ω0, enwere ike ịgbakọ ogologo eletriki (ma ọ bụ usoro) nke eriri nnyefe dị ka ndị a:

Ebe vp na-anọchite anya ọsọ nke usoro nke eriri nnyefe. Dịka a pụrụ ịhụ site n'elu, bandwit ahụ kwekọrọ na igbu oge otu, nke bụ ihe sitere na φ n'ihe gbasara ugboro ole. Ya mere, ka ogologo ahịrị nnyefe na-adị mkpụmkpụ, bandwit ahụ na-agbasawanyekwa. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, enwere mmekọrịta dị iche n'etiti bandwit na usoro bụ isi nke ahịrị nnyefe, nke bụ nke a kapịrị ọnụ. Nke a na-egosi na na sekit kesara ọdịnala, bandwit ọrụ adịghị mfe ijikwa. Enwere ike ịkọwa nke a na mmachi nke ahịrị nnyefe ọdịnala n'ihe gbasara ogo nnwere onwe. Agbanyeghị, ihe ndị na-ebu ibu na-enye ohere iji paramita ndị ọzọ na TL metamaterial, enwere ike ijikwa nzaghachi nke usoro ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Iji mee ka bandwit ahụ dịkwuo elu, ọ dị mkpa inwe mkpọda yiri nke ahụ nso ugboro ole arụmọrụ nke njirimara mgbasa. TL metamaterial arụrụ arụ nwere ike imezu ebumnuche a. Dabere na ụzọ a, a na-atụ aro ọtụtụ ụzọ maka ime ka bandwit nke antenna dịkwuo mma n'akwụkwọ ahụ. Ndị ọkà mmụta emepụtala ma mepụta antenna broadband abụọ ejiri resonators mgbanaka kewaa (lee Foto 7). Nsonaazụ egosiri na Foto nke 7 na-egosi na mgbe etinyere resonator mgbanaka nkewa na antenna monopole nkịtị, ọnọdụ ugboro ugboro resonant dị ala na-akpali akpali. A na-eme ka nha resonator mgbanaka nkewa dịkwuo mma iji nweta resonance dị nso na nke antenna monopole. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na mgbe resonances abụọ ahụ dakọtara, a na-amụba bandwit na njirimara radieshon nke antenna. Ogologo na obosara nke antenna monopole bụ 0.25λ0×0.11λ0 na 0.25λ0×0.21λ0 (4GHz), n'otu n'otu, ogologo na obosara nke antenna monopole nke ejiri resonator mgbanaka nkewa bụ 0.29λ0×0.21λ0 (2.9GHz), n'otu n'otu. Maka antenna F dị ka ọ dị na antenna T dị ka ọ dị na-enweghị resonator mgbanaka nkewa, uru kachasị elu na arụmọrụ radieshon nke a tụrụ na band 5GHz bụ 3.6dBi - 78.5% na 3.9dBi - 80.2%, n'otu n'otu. Maka antenna nke nwere resonator mgbanaka nkewa, paramita ndị a bụ 4dBi - 81.2% na 4.4dBi - 83%, n'otu n'otu, na band 6GHz. Site n'itinye resonator mgbanaka nkewa dị ka ibu kwekọrọ na antenna monopole, enwere ike ịkwado band 2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz na 2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz, nke kwekọrọ na bandwit fractional nke 75.4% na ~87%, n'otu n'otu. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na a na-eme ka bandwit nha dịkwuo mma site na ihe dị ka ugboro 2.4 na ugboro 2.11 ma e jiri ya tụnyere antenna monopole ọdịnala nke ihe dị ka nha edobere.

Foto nke 7. Anteeno broadband abụọ e ji ihe na-akpọ "split-ring resonators" mee.

Dịka egosiri na Foto nke 8, a na-egosi nsonaazụ nnwale nke antenna monopole dị obere e biri ebi. Mgbe S11≤- 10 dB, bandwit ọrụ bụ 185% (0.115-2.90 GHz), na 1.45 GHz, uru kachasị elu na arụmọrụ radieshọn bụ 2.35 dBi na 78.8%, n'otu n'otu. Nhazi nke antenna ahụ yiri nhazi mpempe akwụkwọ triangle azụ na azụ, nke onye na-ekewa ike curvilinear na-enye nri. GND a gbawara agbawa nwere stub etiti nke etinyere n'okpuru onye na-enye nri, a na-ekesakwa mgbanaka resonant anọ mepere emepe gburugburu ya, nke na-eme ka bandwit nke antenna ahụ gbasaa. Antenna ahụ na-enwu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'akụkụ niile, na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ eriri VHF na S, yana eriri UHF na L niile. Nha anụ ahụ nke antenna ahụ bụ 48.32×43.72×0.8 mm3, nha eletriki ahụ bụkwa 0.235λ0×0.211λ0×0.003λ0. O nwere uru dị ka obere nha na ọnụ ala dị ala, ma nwee ohere itinye n'ọrụ na sistemụ nkwukọrịta ikuku na-enweghị waya.

Foto nke 8: Antel monopole nke e ji ihe na-akpọ resonator nke nwere mgbanaka kewara ekewa.

Foto nke 9 na-egosi nhazi antenna planar nke nwere ụzọ abụọ nke eriri meander jikọtara ọnụ nke e tinyere n'ala dị ka T site na vias abụọ. Nha antenna ahụ bụ 38.5×36.6 mm2 (0.070λ0×0.067λ0), ebe λ0 bụ ogologo oge oghere efu nke 0.55 GHz. Antenna ahụ na-enwu n'akụkụ niile na E-plane na eriri ugboro ọrụ nke 0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, yana uru kachasị nke 5.5dBi na 2.35GHz na arụmọrụ nke 90.1%. Atụmatụ ndị a na-eme ka antenna a tụrụ aro dabara adaba maka ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere UHF RFID, GSM 900, GPS, KPCS, DCS, IMT-2000, WiMAX, WiFi na Bluetooth.

Fig. 9 Atụmatụ nhazi antenna dị larịị.

2. Antenna Mmiri Na-agbapụta Mmiri (LWA)
Antenna ebili mmiri ọhụrụ a na-agbapụta bụ otu n'ime ngwa ndị bụ isi maka imezu ihe metamaterial TL arụrụ arụ. Maka antenna ebili mmiri na-agbapụta, mmetụta nke β na-agbanwe agbanwe na akụkụ radieshon (θm) na obosara ọkụ kachasị elu (Δθ) bụ dị ka ndị a:

L bụ ogologo antenna, k0 bụ nọmba ebili mmiri dị na oghere efu, na λ0 bụ ogologo ebili mmiri dị na oghere efu. Rịba ama na radieshon na-eme naanị mgbe |β|

3. Antenna resonator efu-usoro
Ihe pụrụ iche nke ihe mejupụtara CRLH bụ na β nwere ike ịbụ 0 mgbe ugboro ole na ole na-adabaghị na efu. Dabere na ihe onwunwe a, enwere ike ịmepụta resonator efu ọhụrụ (ZOR). Mgbe β bụ efu, ọ dịghị mgbanwe usoro ọ bụla na-eme na resonator dum. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mgbanwe usoro φ = - βd = 0. Na mgbakwunye, resonance dabere naanị na ibu mmeghachi omume ma ọ dabereghị na ogologo nke nhazi ahụ. Foto 10 na-egosi na antenna akwadoro ka e ji itinye nkeji abụọ na atọ nwere ọdịdị E, nha zuru oke bụ 0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 na 0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, n'otu n'otu, ebe λ0 na-anọchite anya ogologo oge nke oghere efu na ugboro ọrụ nke 500 MHz na 650 MHz, n'otu n'otu. Antenna ahụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ugboro ole nke 0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) na 0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), yana bandwit dị n'etiti 91.9% na 96.0%. Na mgbakwunye na njirimara nke obere nha na bandwit sara mbara, uru na arụmọrụ nke antenna mbụ na nke abụọ bụ 5.3dBi na 85% (1GHz) na 5.7dBi na 90% (1.4GHz), n'otu n'otu.

Fig. 10 Atụmatụ nhazi antenna abụọ-E na atọ-E.

4. Oghere Antenna
Atụpụtala ụzọ dị mfe iji mee ka oghere nke antenna CRLH-MTM dịkwuo elu, mana nha antenna ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịgbanwe agbanwe. Dịka egosiri na Foto 11, antenna ahụ nwere nkeji CRLH nke a gbakọtara n'elu ibe ha, nke nwere patches na ahịrị meander, enwere oghere dị ka S na patch ahụ. Antenna ahụ na-eji stub dakọtara CPW eme ihe, nha ya bụkwa 17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, nke kwekọrọ na 0.204λ0 × 0.375λ0 × 0.018λ0, ebe λ0 (3.5GHz) na-anọchite anya ogologo oge nke oghere efu. Nsonaazụ ya na-egosi na antenna ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na eriri ugboro nke 0.85-7.90GHz, na bandwit ọrụ ya bụ 161.14%. Uru na arụmọrụ kachasị elu nke antenna na-apụta na 3.5GHz, nke bụ 5.12dBi na ~80%, n'otu n'otu.