Akụkọ - Nlebanya nke eriri eriri nnyefe dabere na metamaterials (akụkụ 2)

2. Ngwa nke MTM-TL na Antenna Systems
Akụkụ a ga-elekwasị anya na metamaterial TLs na ụfọdụ ngwa ha na-ahụkarị na nke dị mkpa maka ịghọta ụdị antenna dị iche iche na ọnụ ala dị ọnụ ala, nrụpụta dị mfe, miniaturization, bandwit sara mbara, uru dị elu na arụmọrụ, ikike nyocha dịgasị iche iche na profaịlụ dị ala. A na-atụle ha n'okpuru.

1. Broadband na multi-frequency antennas
Na TL na-ahụkarị nke nwere ogologo l, mgbe a na-enye ω0 angular ugboro, enwere ike gbakọọ ogologo eletrik (ma ọ bụ oge) nke eriri nnyefe dị ka ndị a:

Ebe vp na-anọchi anya usoro ọsọ nke eriri nnyefe. Dị ka a na-ahụ site na nke dị n'elu, bandwit kwekọrọ na nkwụsịtụ nke otu, nke bụ ihe mmepụta nke φ gbasara ugboro ole. Ya mere, dị ka ogologo nnyefe ogologo na-adị mkpụmkpụ, bandwit na-aghọkwa wider. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, enwere mmekọrịta dị n'etiti bandwit na akụkụ bụ isi nke eriri nnyefe, nke a na-emepụta kpọmkwem. Nke a na-egosi na na sekit ndị na-ekesa omenala, bandwit na-arụ ọrụ adịghị mfe ịchịkwa. Enwere ike ịsị nke a na njedebe nke usoro mgbasa ozi ọdịnala n'ihe gbasara ogo nnwere onwe. Agbanyeghị, ihe ndị na-ebunye ihe na-enye ohere ka ejiri paramita ndị ọzọ mee ihe na metamaterial TL, enwere ike ịchịkwa nzaghachi nke oge ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Iji mee ka bandwidth dịkwuo elu, ọ dị mkpa ịnweta mkpọda yiri nke ahụ n'akụkụ oge ọrụ nke àgwà mgbasa ozi. Artificial metamaterial TL nwere ike imezu ebumnuche a. Dabere na usoro a, a na-atụ aro ọtụtụ ụzọ maka ịkwalite bandwidth nke antennas na akwụkwọ ahụ. Ndị ọkammụta emebela ma rụpụta eriri brọdband abụọ nke nwere mgbanaka mgbanaka gbawara agbawa (lee eserese 7). Nsonaazụ egosiri na eserese 7 na-egosi na mgbe ejiri antenna monopole na-ebufe mgbanaka mgbanaka gbawara agbawa, ọnọdụ ugboro ole dị ala na-atọ ụtọ. A na-ahazi nha nke mgbanaka mgbanaka gbawara agbawa iji nweta resonance dị nso na antenna monopole. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na mgbe ụda abụọ ahụ dakọtara, bandwit na njirimara radieshon nke antenna na-abawanye. Ogologo na obosara nke antenna monopole bụ 0.25λ0 × 0.11λ0 na 0.25λ0 × 0.21λ0 (4GHz), n'otu n'otu, na ogologo na obosara nke antenna monopole nke ejiri mgbanaka mgbanaka gbawara agbawa bụ 0.29λ0 × 0.21λ0 (2.9GHz) ), n'otu n'otu. Maka antenna ụdị F nke a na-ahụkarị na antenna T na-enweghị mgbanaka mgbanaka gbawara agbawa, uru kachasị elu na arụmọrụ radieshon tụrụ na band 5GHz bụ 3.6dBi - 78.5% na 3.9dBi - 80.2%, n'otu n'otu. Maka antenna nke jupụtara na mgbanaka mgbanaka gbawara agbawa, paramita ndị a bụ 4dBi - 81.2% na 4.4dBi - 83%, n'otu n'otu, na band 6GHz. Site na itinye mgbanaka mgbanaka mgbanaka dị ka ibu dakọtara na antenna monopole, enwere ike ịkwado eriri 2.9GHz ~ 6.41GHz na 2.6GHz ~ 6.6GHz, dabara na bandwidi akụkụ nke 75.4% na ~ 87%, n'otu n'otu. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-egosi na a na-emeziwanye bandwit n'ihe dịka ugboro 2.4 na ugboro 2.11 ma e jiri ya tụnyere antenna monopole ọdịnala nke nha nha nha.

Onyonyo 7. Antenna brọdband abụọ jupụtara na mgbanaka mgbanaka gbawara agbawa.

Dịka egosiri na eserese 8, egosiri nsonaazụ nnwale nke eriri monopole kọmpat ebipụtara. Mgbe S11≤- 10 dB, bandwit na-arụ ọrụ bụ 185% (0.115-2.90 GHz), yana na 1.45 GHz, uru kachasị elu na arụmọrụ radieshon bụ 2.35 dBi na 78.8%, n'otu n'otu. Nhazi nke antenna ahụ yiri nhazi mpempe akwụkwọ triangular azụ na azụ, nke a na-enye nri site na nkesa ike curvilinear. GND a gbajiri agbaji nwere stub etiti etinyere n'okpuru onye na-enye nri, a na-ekesakwa mgbanaka mgbanaka anọ na-emeghe gburugburu ya, nke na-agbasawanye bandwit nke antenna. Antenna na-egbukepụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ niile, na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ VHF na band S, yana ndị otu UHF na L niile. Ogo anụ ahụ nke antenna bụ 48.32 × 43.72 × 0.8 mm3, nha eletrik bụ 0.235λ0 × 0.211λ0 × 0.003λ0. Ọ nwere uru nke obere nha na ọnụ ala dị ala, ma nwee atụmanya ngwa ngwa na sistemụ nkwukọrịta ikuku brọdband.

Ọgụgụ 8: Enten monopole nke nwere mgbanaka mgbanaka gbawara agbawa.

Ọgụgụ 9 na-egosi nhazi antenna planar nwere ụzọ abụọ nke loops meander jikọtara ọnụ gbadoro ụkwụ n'ụgbọ elu ala nke nwere T-truncated site na vias abụọ. Ogo antenna bụ 38.5 × 36.6 mm2 (0.070λ0 × 0.067λ0), ebe λ0 bụ oghere oghere efu nke 0.55 GHz. Antenna na-enwu n'ụzọ ọ bụla n'ime ụgbọ elu E na bandwit na-arụ ọrụ nke 0.55 ~ 3.85 GHz, yana uru kachasị nke 5.5dBi na 2.35GHz yana arụmọrụ nke 90.1%. Atụmatụ ndị a na-eme ka antenna a tụrụ aro dabara maka ngwa dị iche iche, gụnyere UHF RFID, GSM 900, GPS, KPCS, DCS, IMT-2000, WiMAX, WiFi na Bluetooth.

Fig. 9 Atụmatụ antenna atụmatụ atụmatụ.

2. Leaky Wave Antenna (LWA)
Antenna ebili mmiri ọhụrụ bụ otu n'ime ngwa bụ isi maka ịchọpụta metamaterial TL. Maka antennas na-efegharị efegharị, mmetụta nke usoro β na-adịgide adịgide na akụkụ radieshon (θm) na obosara kachasị elu (Δθ) bụ nke a:

L bụ ogologo antenna, k0 bụ nọmba ebili mmiri na oghere efu, yana λ0 bụ ogologo ogologo na oghere efu. Rịba ama na radieshon na-apụta naanị mgbe |β|

3. Efere resonator antenna
Ngwongwo pụrụ iche nke metamaterial CRLH bụ na β nwere ike ịbụ 0 mgbe ugboro na-erughị efu. Dabere na akụrụngwa a, enwere ike iwepụta ihe nrụpụta efu (ZOR) ọhụrụ. Mgbe β bụ efu, ọ dịghị mgbanwe usoro na-apụta na resonator dum. Nke a bụ n'ihi na oge na-agbanwe agbanwe mgbe niile φ = - βd = 0. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, resonance na-adabere naanị na ibu ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ma na-adabere na ogologo nke nhazi ahụ. Ọgụgụ 10 na-egosi na a na-emepụta antenna ahụ a chọrọ site na itinye nkeji abụọ na atọ nwere E-ụdị, na ngụkọta nha bụ 0.017λ0 × 0.006λ0 × 0.001λ0 na 0.028λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.008λ0 × 0.001λ0, n'otu n'otu, na-anọchi anya wave0th, n'otu n'otu. nke free ohere na-arụ ọrụ ugboro nke 500 MHz na 650 MHz, n'otu n'otu. Antenna na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro nke 0.5-1.35 GHz (0.85 GHz) na 0.65-1.85 GHz (1.2 GHz), yana bandwidth ikwu nke 91.9% na 96.0%. Na mgbakwunye na njirimara nke obere nha na bandwidth obosara, uru na arụmọrụ nke antenna mbụ na nke abụọ bụ 5.3dBi na 85% (1GHz) na 5.7dBi na 90% (1.4GHz), n'otu n'otu.

Fig. 10 Ihe arụrụ n'ụkpụrụ antenna abụọ-E na nke atọ.

4. oghere oghere
Atụpụtala usoro dị mfe iji gbasaa oghere nke antenna CRLH-MTM, mana ogo antenna ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gbanwee. Dị ka egosiri na eserese 11, antenna na-agụnye nkeji CRLH kwụkọtara na ibe ya, nke nwere patches na meander, ma enwere oghere S dị na patch. A na-enye antennas nri site na stub dakọtara na CPW, nha ya bụ 17.5 mm × 32.15 mm × 1.6 mm, kwekọrọ na 0.204λ0 × 0.375λ0 × 0.018λ0, ebe λ0 (3.5GHz) na-anọchi anya ogologo ikuku nke oghere efu. Nsonaazụ gosiri na antenna na-arụ ọrụ na bandwit nke 0.85-7.90GHz, yana bandwit na-arụ ọrụ bụ 161.14%. Uru radieshon kachasị elu na arụmọrụ nke antenna na-apụta na 3.5GHz, nke bụ 5.12dBi na ~ 80%, n'otu n'otu.