Nhazi nke Antenna-Rectifier Co-mepụta
Ihe e ji mara rectanas dịka EG topology dị na Foto nke 2 bụ na antenna ahụ na-adakọ kpọmkwem na rectifier, kama ọkọlọtọ 50Ω, nke chọrọ ibelata ma ọ bụ iwepụ sekit dakọtara iji nye rectifier ike. Nkebi a na-enyocha uru nke rectanas SoA nwere antenna na rectanas na-abụghị 50Ω na-enweghị netwọk dakọtara.
1. Antenna ndị pere mpe nke e ji eletriki rụọ
A na-eji antenna mgbanaka LC resonant eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ọrụ ebe nha sistemụ dị oke mkpa. N'oge ugboro ole na-erughị 1 GHz, ogologo ebili mmiri nwere ike ime ka antenna ihe ndị a na-ekesa na-ejupụta oghere karịa nha sistemụ ahụ dum, ngwa dịka transceivers agbakọtara nke ọma maka ihe ndị e tinyere n'ahụ na-erite uru karịsịa site na iji antenna ndị pere mpe nke nwere ike iji eletrik maka WPT.
Enwere ike iji nnukwu inductive impedance nke obere antenna (dị nso resonance) jikọọ rectifier ozugbo ma ọ bụ site na netwọk capacitive ọzọ na-ejikọta na chip. A kọọla obere antenna eletriki na WPT na LP na CP n'okpuru 1 GHz site na iji antenna dipole Huygens, yana ka=0.645, ebe ka=5.91 na dipoles nkịtị (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Antenna njikọta ihe ndozi
Nkwụsi ike ntinye nke diode na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, yabụ a chọrọ antenna inductive iji nweta njikọ conjugate impedance. N'ihi njikọ capacitive nke chip ahụ, ejirila antenna inductive dị elu eme ihe nke ukwuu na akara RFID. Antena Dipole aghọọla ihe na-ewu ewu n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na antenna RFID impedance dị mgbagwoju anya, na-egosipụta nnukwu impedance (nguzogide na mmeghachi omume) nso ugboro resonant ha.
E jirila antenna dipole inductive mee ihe iji kwekọọ na ikike dị elu nke rectifier na eriri ugboro ole mmasị. N'ime antenna dipole a kpọchiri akpọchi, ahịrị dị mkpụmkpụ abụọ (mpịachi dipole) na-arụ ọrụ dị ka transformer impedance, na-enye ohere imepụta antenna impedance dị elu nke ukwuu. N'aka nke ọzọ, nri bias bụ maka ịbawanye mmeghachi omume inductive yana impedance n'ezie. Ijikọta ọtụtụ ihe dipole bias na radial stubs na-enweghị nhazi na-emepụta antenna broadband elu impedance abụọ. Foto nke 4 na-egosi ụfọdụ antenna conjugate rectifier akọọrọ.
Foto nke 4
Njirimara radieshọn na RFEH na WPT
N'ụdị Friis, ike PRX nke antenna natara n'ebe dị anya site na onye na-ebufe ihe bụ ọrụ kpọmkwem nke uru nnata na onye na-ebufe ihe (GRX, GTX).
Isi ihe na-eduzi antenna na polarization na-emetụta oke ike anakọtara site na ebili mmiri merenụ. Njirimara radieshọn antenna bụ paramita dị mkpa nke na-ekewa n'etiti RFEH gburugburu na WPT (Foto 5). Ọ bụ ezie na n'ime ngwa abụọ ahụ, a gaghị ama ihe mgbasa ozi ahụ pụtara, a ga-atụlekwa mmetụta ya na ebili mmiri a natara, a ga-ejikwa ihe ọmụma nke antenna na-ebufe mee ihe. Tebụl 3 na-achọpụta paramita ndị bụ isi a tụlere na ngalaba a na ojiji ha na RFEH na WPT.
Foto nke 5
1. Ntuziaka na Uru
N'ọtụtụ ngwa RFEH na WPT, a na-eche na onye na-anakọta ihe amaghị ebe radieshọn ahụ si aga, ọ dịghịkwa ụzọ ọhụụ (LoS). N'ọrụ a, a nyochaala ọtụtụ atụmatụ na ebe a na-etinye antenna iji mee ka ike enwetara site na isi mmalite a na-amaghị, n'adabereghị na nhazi isi lobe dị n'etiti onye na-ebuga ihe na onye na-anabata ihe.
A na-eji antenna omnidirectional eme ihe nke ukwuu na rectenna RFEH gburugburu ebe obibi. N'akwụkwọ ndị e dere, PSD na-agbanwe dabere na ntụzịaka nke antenna ahụ. Agbanyeghị, a kọwabeghị mgbanwe ike, yabụ ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịchọpụta ma mgbanwe ahụ ọ bụ n'ihi usoro radieshon nke antenna ahụ ma ọ bụ n'ihi enweghị nkwekọ polarization.
Na mgbakwunye na ngwa RFEH, a kọwapụtala ọtụtụ antenna ntụzi aka na antenna ntụzi aka maka microwave WPT iji melite arụmọrụ nchịkọta nke obere njupụta ike RF ma ọ bụ merie mfu mgbasa. Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, bowtie arrays, spiral arrays, tightly attached Vivaldi arrays, CPW CP arrays, na patch arrays so na mmejuputa rectenna ndị nwere ike ime ka njupụta ike ihe merenụ dịkwuo elu n'okpuru mpaghara ụfọdụ. Ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji melite uru antenna gụnyere teknụzụ substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) na microwave na millimeter wave bands, kpọmkwem na WPT. Agbanyeghị, a na-eji obere beamwidths mara rectennas dị warara, na-eme ka nnabata nke ebili mmiri na ntụziaka aka na-adịghị mma. Nnyocha banyere ọnụọgụgụ ihe nke antenna na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kwubiri na nduzi dị elu adabaghị na ike dị elu a chịkọtara na RFEH gburugburu ebe obibi na-ewere ọnọdụ atọ dị iche iche; nke a gosipụtara site na nha ubi na gburugburu obodo. Enwere ike iji obere nweta arrays na ngwa WPT.
Iji bufee uru nke antenna ndị nwere nnukwu uru gaa na RFEHs na-enweghị usoro, a na-eji ngwọta nkwakọ ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ nhazi iji merie nsogbu nduzi. A na-atụ aro eriri aka antenna abụọ iji nweta ike site na Wi-Fi RFEHs gburugburu n'akụkụ abụọ. A na-emekwa antenna RFEH gburugburu dị ka igbe 3D ma bipụta ma ọ bụ rapara na elu mpụga iji belata mpaghara sistemụ ma mee ka owuwe ihe ubi dị iche iche. Ọdịdị rectenna cubic na-egosipụta ohere dị elu nke ịnweta ike na RFEHs gburugburu.
Emeela mmezi na nhazi antenna iji mee ka obosara beam dịkwuo elu, gụnyere ihe ndị na-enye aka na parasitic patch, iji melite WPT na 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. E tinyekwara atụmatụ na antenna mesh 6 GHz nwere ọtụtụ mpaghara beam, na-egosi ọtụtụ beam kwa ọdụ. Atụpụtala atụmatụ maka antennas elu multi-port, multi-rectifier multi-rectifier na antennas owuwe ike nwere ụkpụrụ radieshon omnidirectional maka RFEH multi-directional na multi-polarized. A tụkwara aro maka ọtụtụ rectifiers nwere matrices beamforming na multi-port antenna arrays maka inweta ike dị elu, multi-directional hot.
Na nchịkọta, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahọrọ antenna ndị nwere uru dị elu iji melite ike a na-enweta site na obere njupụta RF, ndị nnata nwere ike ọ gaghị adị mma n'ọrụ ebe a na-amaghị ntụziaka nnyefe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, RFEH gburugburu ma ọ bụ WPT site na ọwa mgbasa ozi a na-amaghị). N'ọrụ a, a na-atụ aro ọtụtụ ụzọ multi-beam maka multi-directional high-gained WPT na RFEH.
2. Mgbasa nke Antenna
Mgbawa nke antenna na-akọwa mmegharị nke vektọ ubi eletrik ma e jiri ya tụnyere ntụziaka mgbasa nke antenna. Enweghị nkwekọ nke polarization nwere ike ibute mbelata nnyefe/nnabata n'etiti antenna ọbụlagodi mgbe ntụziaka lobe bụ isi dị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ejiri antenna LP kwụ ọtọ maka nnyefe ma ejiri antenna LP kwụ ọtọ maka nnata, agaghị enweta ike ọ bụla. Na nkebi a, a na-enyocha ụzọ akọwara maka ime ka arụmọrụ nnabata ikuku dịkwuo elu na izere mfu enweghị nkwekọ nke polarization. E nyere nchịkọta nke usoro rectenna akwadoro gbasara polarization na Foto nke 6 na ihe atụ SoA dị na Tebụl 4.
Foto nke 6
N'ihe gbasara nkwukọrịta ekwentị, ọ gaghị ekwe omume na a ga-enwe njikọ linear polarization n'etiti ọdụ ntọala na ekwentị mkpanaaka, yabụ a na-eme antenna ọdụ ntọala ka ha bụrụ nke nwere polarization abụọ ma ọ bụ nke nwere multi-polarization iji zere mfu nke polarization. Agbanyeghị, mgbanwe polarization nke ebili mmiri LP n'ihi mmetụta multipath ka bụ nsogbu a na-edozibeghị. Dabere na echiche nke ọdụ ntọala mkpanaka ọtụtụ-polarized, a na-eme antenna RFEH cell dị ka antenna LP.
A na-ejikarị rectenna CP eme ihe na WPT n'ihi na ha anaghị eguzogide ndakọrịta. Antenna CP nwere ike ịnweta radieshon CP n'otu ụzọ ntụgharị (CP aka ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri) na mgbakwunye na ebili mmiri LP niile na-enweghị mfu ike. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, antenna CP na-ebufe ma antenna LP na-enweta mfu 3 dB (mfu ike 50%). A kọrọ na rectenna CP dabara adaba maka 900 MHz na 2.4 GHz na 5.8 GHz ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, sayensị, na ọgwụ yana ebili mmiri milimita. Na RFEH nke ebili mmiri polarized na-enweghị usoro, ụdị polarization na-anọchite anya ngwọta nwere ike maka mfu polarization na-adịghị mma.
Atụpụtala polarization zuru oke, nke a makwaara dị ka multi-polarization, iji merie mfu polarization kpamkpam, na-enye ohere ka a nakọta ma ebili mmiri CP na LP, ebe ihe abụọ nke orthogonal LP nke nwere polarized abụọ na-enweta ebili mmiri LP na CP niile nke ọma. Iji gosi nke a, voltaji net kwụ ọtọ na nke kwụ ọtọ (VV na VH) na-anọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe n'agbanyeghị akụkụ polarization:
Ọdụ eletriki "E" nke CP electromagnetic ebili mmiri, ebe a na-anakọta ike ugboro abụọ (otu ugboro kwa nkeji), si otú a na-enweta akụkụ CP zuru oke ma merie mfu nke polarization 3 dB:
N'ikpeazụ, site na njikọta DC, enwere ike ịnweta ebili mmiri nke polarization na-enweghị usoro. Foto nke 7 na-egosi geometry nke rectenna a kọrọ nke ọma.
Foto nke 7
Na nchịkọta, na ngwa WPT nwere ike inye ike raara onwe ya nye, CP ka mma n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka arụmọrụ WPT ka mma n'agbanyeghị akụkụ polarization nke antenna ahụ. N'aka nke ọzọ, na nnweta ọtụtụ isi mmalite, karịsịa site na isi mmalite gburugburu, antenna polarized zuru oke nwere ike nweta nnabata zuru oke na ibugharị kachasị mma; a chọrọ usoro nhazi multi-port/multi-rectifier iji jikọta ike polarized zuru oke na RF ma ọ bụ DC.
Nchịkọta
Akwụkwọ a na-enyocha ọganihu e nwere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na nhazi antenna maka RFEH na WPT, ma na-atụ aro nhazi ọkọlọtọ nke nhazi antenna maka RFEH na WPT nke a na-atụbeghị na akwụkwọ ndị gara aga. Achọpụtala ihe atọ dị mkpa maka antenna iji nweta arụmọrụ RF-to-DC dị elu dị ka:
1. Bandwidth impedance rectifier rectifier maka RFEH na WPT nke nwere mmasị;
2. Nhazi isi nke lobe n'etiti onye na-ekesa na onye na-anata na WPT site na nri raara onwe ya nye;
3. Nha nhata nke polarization n'etiti rectenna na ebili mmiri nke ihe merenụ n'agbanyeghị akụkụ na ọnọdụ ya.
Dabere na impedance, a na-ekewa rectans n'ime 50Ω na rectifier conjugate rectans, na-elekwasị anya na njikọ impedance n'etiti eriri dị iche iche na ibu na arụmọrụ nke usoro ndakọrịta ọ bụla.
A tụlewo njirimara radieshon nke SoA rectang site n'echiche nke nduzi na polarization. A tụlere ụzọ iji melite uru site na nhazi beamforming na nkwakọ ngwaahịa iji merie obere beamwidth. N'ikpeazụ, a na-enyocha rectang CP maka WPT, yana ọtụtụ mmejuputa iji nweta nnabata na-adabereghị na polarization maka WPT na RFEH.
Iji mụtakwuo maka antenna, biko gaa na:
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-16-2024
