Antenna-Rectifier Co-emebe
Ihe e ji mara rectennas na-eso EG topology dị na eserese 2 bụ na antenna dakọtara ozugbo na ihe nrụzi, karịa ọkọlọtọ 50Ω, nke chọrọ ibelata ma ọ bụ wepụ sekit dabara adaba iji mee ka onye na-emegharị ya nwee ike. Akụkụ a na-enyocha uru nke SoA rectennas nwere antennas na rectenna na-abụghị 50Ω na-enweghị netwọk dakọtara.
1. Eletriki obere Antenna
Ejirila antenna mgbanaka mgbanaka LC na ngwa ebe nha sistemụ dị oke mkpa. N'oge dị n'okpuru 1 GHz, ogologo ikuku nwere ike ime ka antennas ndị na-ekesa ọkọlọtọ nwee ohere karịa nha nke sistemụ ahụ, yana ngwa ndị dị ka transceivers agbakwunyere n'ụzọ zuru ezu maka ntinye anụ ahụ na-erite uru site na iji obere antennas eletrik maka WPT.
Enwere ike iji ihe mgbochi inductive dị elu nke obere antenna (nke dị nso na resonance) iji jikọta onye na-emegharị ihe ozugbo ma ọ bụ jiri netwọtị dabara adaba na mgbawa. Akọpụtala antenna obere eletrik na WPT nwere LP na CP n'okpuru 1 GHz na-eji antenna Huygens dipole, yana ka = 0.645, ebe ka = 5.91 na dipoles nkịtị (ka=2πr/λ0).
2. Rectifier conjugate antenna
Ihe nrịbama ntinye aka nke diode nwere ikike nke ukwuu, yabụ achọrọ antenna inductive iji nweta impedance conjugate. N'ihi mgbawa capacitive nke mgbawa, ejirila antennas inductive dị elu mee ihe na mkpado RFID. Anten dipole abụrụla ihe na-emekarị na antennas RFID dị mgbagwoju anya, na-egosipụta ihe mgbochi dị elu (nguzogide na mmeghachi omume) n'akụkụ ugboro ugboro ha.
Ejila antenna dipole na-emepụta ihe iji kwekọọ oke ike nke ihe nrụzi n'ime bandwit nke mmasị. N'ime antenna dipole apịaji, ahịrị mkpirisi okpukpu abụọ (dipole folding) na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe ngbanwe impedance, na-enye ohere imepụta antenna impedance dị oke elu. N'aka nke ọzọ, inye ihe na-adịghị mma bụ maka ịba ụba mmeghachi omume inductive yana mgbochi n'ezie. Ijikọta ihe dị iche iche dipole na-enweghị isi na radial stubs ụta na-ezighi ezi na-etolite mpi ikuku brọdband dị elu. Ọgụgụ 4 na-egosi ụfọdụ antenna conjugate rectifier akọpụtara.
Onyonyo 4
Njirimara radieshon na RFEH na WPT
Na ụdị Friis, ike PRX natara site na antenna n'ebe dị anya d site na onye na-ebufe ya bụ ọrụ kpọmkwem nke ihe nnata na nnyefe nnyefe (GRX, GTX).
Ntụziaka isi lobe nke antenna na polarịịs na-emetụta oke ike anakọtara site na ebili mmiri merenụ. Njirimara radieshon antenna bụ isi ihe dị iche n'etiti RFEH ambient na WPT (Njirimara 5). Ọ bụ ezie na n'ime ngwa abụọ a, usoro mgbasa ozi nwere ike amaghị na mmetụta ọ na-enwe na ebili mmiri natara, enwere ike iji ihe ọmụma nke antenna na-ebugharị. Tebụl 3 na-akọwapụta isi ihe ndị a tụlere na ngalaba a yana itinye ha na RFEH na WPT.
Onyonyo 5
1. Ntuziaka na Nweta
N'ọtụtụ ngwa RFEH na WPT, a na-eche na onye nchịkọta ahụ amaghị ntụziaka nke radieshon merenụ na ọ dịghị ụzọ akara anya (LoS). N'ime ọrụ a, enyochala ọtụtụ atụmatụ na ntinye nke antenna iji bulie ike enwetara site na ebe amaghi ama, na-adabereghị na nhazi lobe isi n'etiti onye na-ebufe na onye nnata.
Ejirila antennas omnidirectional mee ihe na mpaghara RFEH rectennas gburugburu. N'akwụkwọ, PSD dịgasị iche dabere na nhazi nke antenna. Otú ọ dị, a kọwaghị mgbanwe dị na ike, n'ihi ya, ọ gaghị ekwe omume ikpebi ma mgbanwe ahụ bụ n'ihi usoro radieshon nke antenna ma ọ bụ n'ihi na-ejikọtaghị polarization.
Na mgbakwunye na ngwa RFEH, a kọwapụtala antennas ntụziaka na usoro dị elu maka microwave WPT iji kwalite nrụpụta mkpokọta nke njupụta ike RF dị ala ma ọ bụ merie mfu mgbasa. Yagi-Uda rectenna arrays, bowtie arrays, spiral arrays, tightly jikọtara Vivaldi arrays, CPW CP arrays, and patch arrays bụ otu n'ime mmejuputa rectenna nwere ike ime ka ike dị ukwuu n'okpuru mpaghara ụfọdụ. Ụzọ ndị ọzọ iji kwalite uru antenna gụnyere teknụzụ agbakwunyere agbakwunyere n'ime ngwa ndakwa nri na igwe milimita, kpọmkwem na WPT. Otú ọ dị, a na-eji rectenna nwere nnukwu uru bụ obosara warara dị warara, na-eme ka nnabata nke ebili mmiri na ntụziaka aka ike ghara ịdị irè. Nnyocha n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe antenna na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kwubiri na directivity dị elu adịghị adabara ike ewepụtara dị elu na RFEH ambient na-eche na ọ ga-eme ihe n'ụzọ atọ; akwadoro nke a site na nha ubi n'ime obodo mepere emepe. Enwere ike ịnwe usoro uru dị elu na ngwa WPT.
Iji nyefee uru nke antennas dị elu gaa na RFEH nke aka ike, a na-eji nkwakọ ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ nhazi nhazi iji merie nsogbu ahụ. A na-atụ aro eriri nkwojiaka nke abụọ nwere patch ka ọ were ike sitere na Wi-Fi RFEH dị nso n'akụkụ abụọ. Emeberekwa antenna cellular RFEH dị ka igbe 3D wee bipụta ma ọ bụ rapara n'elu elu dị n'èzí iji belata mpaghara sistemu wee mee ka owuwe ihe ubi ọtụtụ ụzọ. Ihe owuwu Cubic rectenna na-egosipụta ohere nnabata ike dị elu na RFEH gburugburu.
Nkwalite n'ichepụta antenna iji mụbaa obosara, gụnyere ihe enyemaka parasitic patch, mere ka emelitere WPT na 2.4 GHz, 4 × 1 arrays. Atụpụtakwara antenna ntupu 6 GHz nwere ọtụtụ mpaghara beam, na-egosipụta ọtụtụ beam n'otu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Multi-port, multi-rectifier elu rectennas na ike iwe ihe ubi nwere ụkpụrụ radieshon omnidirectional ka atụpụtara maka multi-directional na multi-polarized RFEH. Atụpụtakwara ihe nrụpụta ọtụtụ nwere matrices na-egbuke egbuke na usoro antenna ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị iche iche maka nnukwu uru, iwe ihe ubi n'ụzọ dị iche iche.
Na nchịkọta, ebe a na-ahọrọ antennas dị elu iji melite ike ewepụtara na njupụta RF dị ala, ndị na-anata ntụzịaka nke ukwuu nwere ike ọ gaghị adị mma na ngwa ebe a na-amaghị ntụziaka nnyefe (dịka, RFEH ambient ma ọ bụ WPT site na ọwa mgbasa ozi amaghị). N'ime ọrụ a, a na-atụ aro ọtụtụ ụzọ mgbanaka maka WPT na RFEH dị elu.
2. Antenna Polarization
Antenna polarization na-akọwa mmegharị nke vector dị n'ọhịa eletrik n'akụkụ ntụzịaka mgbasa nke antenna. Esemokwu na-adịghị mma nwere ike iduga mbelata nnyefe/ nnabata n'etiti antennas ọbụlagodi mgbe etinyere ntụzịaka lobe isi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ejiri eriri LP kwụ ọtọ maka nnyefe yana eriri LP kwụ ọtọ maka nnabata, agaghị enweta ike ọ bụla. N'akụkụ a, a na-enyocha ụzọ ndị akọpụtara maka ịbawanye arụmọrụ nnabata ikuku na izere mfu ndakọrịta na-adịghị mma. Nchikota nke ihe owuwu rectenna a tụrụ aro gbasara polarization ka e nyere na eserese 6 na e nyere ihe atụ SoA na Tebụl 4.
Onyonyo 6
N'ime nkwukọrịta ekwentị, itinye n'ahịrị polarization n'etiti ọdụ ọdụ na ekwentị agaghị enwe ike nweta ya, yabụ emebere antenna ọdụ ọdụ ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ polarized iji zere mfu ndakọrịta na-enweghị isi. Otú ọ dị, mgbanwe mgbanwe polarization nke ebili mmiri LP n'ihi mmetụta multipath ka bụ nsogbu edozibeghị. Dabere n'echiche nke ọdụ ụgbọ ala mkpanaka ọtụtụ polarized, e mere antenna RFEH cellular dị ka antennas LP.
A na-ejikarị CP rectennas eme ihe na WPT n'ihi na ha anaghị eguzogide mmekọ. Antenna CP na-enwe ike ịnweta CP radieshon na otu ntụgharị ntụgharị (CP aka ekpe ma ọ bụ aka nri) na mgbakwunye na ebili mmiri LP niile na-enweghị ike mfu. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, antenna CP na-ebufe na antenna LP na-enweta mfu 3 dB (50% ọnwụ). A na-akọ na CP rectennas kwesịrị ekwesị maka 900 MHz na 2.4 GHz na 5.8 GHz ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, sayensị, na ọgwụ ahụike yana ebili mmiri millimeter. Na RFEH nke ebili mmiri polarized aka ike, ịdị iche iche polarization na-anọchite anya ihe ngwọta nwere ike ime maka mfu ndakọrịta polarization.
A na-atụpụta polarization zuru oke, nke a makwaara dị ka multi-polarization, ka emeri kpam kpam mfu nhụsianya polarization, na-eme ka nchịkọta nke ma ebili mmiri CP na LP, ebe ihe abụọ-polarized orthogonal LP abụọ na-enweta nke ọma na ebili mmiri LP na CP niile. Iji gosi nke a, voltaji net vetikal na kwụ ọtọ (VV na VH) na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide n'agbanyeghị akụkụ polarization:
CP electromagnetic wave "E", ebe a na-anakọta ike ugboro abụọ (otu ugboro n'otu nkeji), si otú a na-anata akụkụ CP nke ọma ma merie 3 dB polarization mismatch mfu:
N'ikpeazụ, site na nchikota DC, enwere ike ịnata ebili mmiri na-eme ihe ike. Onyonyo 7 na-egosi geometry nke rectenna nwere polarized zuru oke nke akọpụtara.
Onyonyo 7
Na nchịkọta, na ngwa WPT nwere ọkụ ọkụ raara onwe ya nye, a na-ahọrọ CP n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka arụmọrụ WPT dịkwuo mma n'agbanyeghị akuku polarization nke antenna. N'aka nke ọzọ, na nnweta ọtụtụ isi iyi, ọkachasị site na isi mmalite, antennas nwere ike ime ka nnabata zuru oke na oke ibu; Ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri/multi-rectifier architecture ka achọrọ ijikọ ike zuru oke na RF ma ọ bụ DC.
Nchịkọta
Akwụkwọ a na-enyocha ọganihu na nso nso a na nhazi antenna maka RFEH na WPT, ma tụpụta nhazi ọkwa nke nhazi antenna maka RFEH na WPT nke a na-atụpụtabeghị na akwụkwọ ndị gara aga. Achọpụtara ihe achọrọ antenna atọ maka ịrụ ọrụ RF-to-DC dị elu dị ka:
1. Antenna rectifier impedance bandwit maka RFEH na WPT band nke mmasị;
2. Isi nhazi lobe n'etiti transmitter na nnata na WPT site na nri raara onwe ya nye;
3. Polarization ndakọrịta n'etiti rectenna na ebili mmiri merenụ n'agbanyeghị akụkụ na ọnọdụ.
Dabere na impedance, rectennas na-ekewa n'ime 50Ω na rectifier conjugate rectennas, na-elekwasị anya na impedance ndakọrịta n'etiti ụdị dị iche iche na ibu na arụmọrụ nke usoro ọ bụla dakọtara.
A tụleghachila njirimara radieshon nke SoA rectennas site n'echiche nke ntụzịaka na polarization. A na-atụle ụzọ iji meziwanye uru site n'ịkwado na nkwakọ ngwaahịa iji merie obosara dị warara. N'ikpeazụ, a na-enyocha CP rectennas maka WPT, yana mmejuputa iwu dị iche iche iji nweta nnabata na-adabereghị na polarization maka WPT na RFEH.
Iji mụtakwuo maka antennas, biko gaa na:
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-16-2024
