1. Okwu mmalite
Oge owuwe ihe ubi ugboro redio (RFEH) na nnyefe ike ikuku radieshon (WPT) adọtala mmasị dị ukwuu dị ka ụzọ isi nweta netwọk ikuku na-enweghị batrị. Rectennas bụ isi nkuku nke usoro WPT na RFEH ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na ike DC na-enyefe n'ibu. Akụkụ antenna nke rectenna na-emetụta ọrụ owuwe ihe ubi ozugbo, nke nwere ike ịdịgasị iche ike ewepụtara site n'ọtụtụ iwu dị ukwuu. Akwụkwọ a na-enyocha atụmatụ antenna arụ ọrụ na ngwa WPT na ngwa RFEH gburugburu. A na-ekewa rectenna ndị a kọrọ dị ka isi njirisi abụọ siri dị: antenna na-emezi bandwidth impedance na njirimara radieshon nke antenna. Maka akara nke ọ bụla, a na-ekpebi ma na-enyocha ọnụọgụ nke uru (FoM) maka ngwa dị iche iche.
Tesla tụpụtara WPT na mmalite narị afọ nke 20 dị ka ụzọ isi nyefee ọtụtụ puku ike inyinya. Okwu rectenna, nke na-akọwa antenna ejikọrọ na rectifier iji weta ike RF, pụtara na 1950s maka ngwa nnyefe ike ngwa ndakwa nri na iji mee ka drones nwee ike. Omnidirectional, WPT dị ogologo na-amachibido ya site na njirimara anụ ahụ nke mgbasa mgbasa (ikuku). Ya mere, WPT azụmahịa na-ejedebere na mbufe ọkụ na-abụghị nke ọkụ ọkụ maka chaja eletrọnịkị ikuku ma ọ bụ RFID.
Ka ike oriri nke ngwaọrụ semiconductor na ọnụ ihe mmetụta ikuku na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata, ọ na-adịwanye mfe ịnweta ọnụ sensọ site na iji ambient RFEH ma ọ bụ iji ndị na-ekesa omnidirectional dị ala. Sistemụ ike ikuku nwere obere ike na-enwekarị RF nnweta n'ihu, njikwa ike DC na ebe nchekwa yana microprocessor na transceiver dị ala.
Ọgụgụ 1 na-egosi nhazi nke ọnụ ụzọ ikuku RFEH yana mmejuputa ngwụcha ngwụcha RF a na-akọkarị. Ịrụ ọrụ njedebe na njedebe nke sistemụ ikuku ikuku na nhazi nke ozi ikuku na-emekọrịta ihe na netwọk nyefe ike na-adabere na arụmọrụ nke ihe ndị dị n'otu n'otu, dị ka antennas, rectifiers, na sekit njikwa ike. Emeela ọtụtụ nyocha akwụkwọ maka akụkụ dị iche iche nke usoro ahụ. Tebụl 1 na-achịkọta ọkwa ntụgharị ike, ihe ndị bụ isi maka ntụgharị ike dị mma, yana nyocha akwụkwọ ndị metụtara ya maka akụkụ nke ọ bụla. Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na-elekwasị anya na teknụzụ ntụgharị ike, topologies rectifier, ma ọ bụ netwọk-mara RFEH.
Onyonyo 1
Agbanyeghị, a naghị ele imewe antenna anya dị ka ihe dị oke mkpa na RFEH. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-atụle bandwit antenna na arụmọrụ site na n'ozuzu ya ma ọ bụ site n'echiche imewe antenna, dị ka antenna miniaturized ma ọ bụ wearable, a naghị enyocha mmetụta nke ụfọdụ parampat antenna na nnabata ike na ngbanwe nke ọma.
Akwụkwọ a na-enyocha usoro imewe antenna na rectennas na ebumnuche nke ịmata ọdịiche dị na RFEH na WPT kpọmkwem ihe ịma aka antenna dị iche iche na nhazi antenna nkwurịta okwu. A na-atụnyere antennas site n'akụkụ abụọ: njedebe njedebe njedebe na njirimara radieshon; n'ọnọdụ nke ọ bụla, a na-amata FoM ma na-enyocha ya na antennas ọgbara ọhụrụ (SoA).
2. Bandwit na ndakọrịta: Netwọk RF na-abụghị 50Ω
Njirimara njirimara nke 50Ω bụ nleba anya n'oge nke nkwekọrịta dị n'etiti attenuation na ike na ngwa injinịa ngwa ndakwa nri. Na antennas, a na-akọwa bandwidth impedance dị ka ọnụọgụ ugboro ebe ike gosipụtara na-erughị 10% (S11 <- 10 dB). Ebe ọ bụ na a na-eji ngwa ntinye ihe ntinye 50Ω emebere ihe nrịbama mkpọtụ dị ala (LNAs), amplifiers ike, na ihe nchọta, a na-ezo aka na isi mmalite 50Ω.
N'ime rectenna, a na-etinye mmepụta nke antenna ozugbo n'ime onye na-emegharị ihe, na adịghị adị nke diode na-eme ka mgbanwe dị ukwuu na ntinye ntinye, na-eme ka akụkụ capacitive na-achịkwa. N'iburu n'uche antenna 50Ω, isi ihe ịma aka bụ imepụta netwọkụ dabara adaba RF iji gbanwee ihe mgbochi ntinye na mgbochi nke rectifier n'ọtụtụ mmasị ma bulie ya maka ọkwa ike akọwapụtara. N'okwu a, a chọrọ bandwit impedance ngwụcha ruo ọgwụgwụ iji hụ na ntụgharị RF na DC dị mma. Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na antennas nwere ike nweta bandwidth na-enweghị njedebe ma ọ bụ ultra-obosara site na iji ihe oge ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ geometry na-akwado onwe ya, bandwit nke rectenna ga-abụ nkụchi site na netwọk ndị na-emegharị ihe.
Atụpụtala ọtụtụ topologies rectenna iji nweta owuwe ihe ubi otu-band na multi-band ma ọ bụ WPT site na ibelata ntụgharị uche yana ịbawanye ike n'etiti antenna na ihe nrụzi. Onyonyo 2 na-egosi ihe owuwu nke rectenna topologies akọwara, nke ha na-ahaziri site na impedance dabara architecture. Tebụl 2 na-egosi ihe atụ nke rectennas dị elu maka njedebe njedebe na njedebe (na nke a, FoM) maka ụdị ọ bụla.
Ọgụgụ 2 Rectenna topologies site n'echiche nke bandwit na impedance dakọtara. (a) Rectenna otu-band nwere ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ. (b) Multiband rectenna (nke ọtụtụ antenna jikọtara ọnụ) nwere otu nrụzi na netwọk dakọtara n'otu band. (c) Broadband rectenna nwere ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri RF yana netwọk dakọtara dị iche maka otu ọ bụla. (d) Broadband rectenna nwere antenna brọdband yana netwọk dakọtara na brọdband. (e) Otu eriri otu eriri na-eji obere elele eletrik dabara na ihe nrụzi. (f) Otu eriri, nnukwu elele eletrik nwere ihe mgbochi siri ike iji jikọta ya na onye nrụzi. (g) Broadband rectenna nwere mgbochi mgbagwoju anya iji jikọta ya na onye nrụzi n'ọtụtụ ugboro.
Ọ bụ ezie na WPT na ambient RFEH sitere na nri raara onwe ya nye dị iche iche ngwa rectenna, inweta njedebe njedebe n'etiti antenna, rectifier na ibu bụ ihe dị mkpa iji nweta arụmọrụ ntụgharị ike dị elu (PCE) site na ntụgharị bandwidth. Ka o sina dị, WPT rectennas na-elekwasị anya karị n'inweta ọkwa dị elu dị elu (S11 dị ala) iji melite otu-band PCE na ọkwa ike ụfọdụ (topologies a, e na f). Ogologo bandwit nke WPT otu-band na-eme ka usoro ahụ ghara imebi ihe, n'ichepụta ntụpọ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa. N'aka nke ọzọ, RFEH rectennas na-ebute ọrụ multi-band ụzọ ma bụrụ nke topologies bd na g, n'ihi na ike spectral density (PSD) nke otu band na-adịkarị ala.
3. Nhazi antenna akụkụ anọ
1. Otu ugboro rectenna
Nhazi antenna nke otu ugboro rectenna (topology A) dabere na nhazi antenna ọkọlọtọ, dị ka linear polarization (LP) ma ọ bụ polarization okirikiri (CP) na-egbuke egbuke na mbara ala, antenna dipole na atụgharị F antenna. Rectenna dị iche iche dabere na nchikota DC nke ahazibere ya na nkeji antenna ma ọ bụ ngwakọta DC na RF agwakọta nke ọtụtụ patch.
Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime antenna ndị a na-atụ aro bụ antenna otu ugboro ma na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke WPT ugboro ugboro, mgbe ị na-achọ RFEH multi-frequency, ọtụtụ antennas ugboro ugboro na-ejikọta n'ime multi-band rectennas (topology B) na mmechi mmekọ ọnụ. Ngwakọta DC nọọrọ onwe ya mgbe sekit njikwa ike kewapụrụ ha kpamkpam na nnweta RF na sekit ntụgharị. Nke a na-achọ ọtụtụ sekit njikwa ike maka otu ọ bụla, nke nwere ike ibelata arụmọrụ nke ihe ntụgharị nkwalite n'ihi na ike DC nke otu band dị ala.
2. Multi-band na brọdband antennas RFEH
A na-ejikọta RFEH gburugburu ebe obibi na ịnweta multi-band; ya mere, ewepụtala usoro dị iche iche maka imeziwanye bandwit nke ụkpụrụ antenna ọkọlọtọ na ụzọ maka imepụta eriri igwe abụọ ma ọ bụ bandwit. N'akụkụ a, anyị na-enyocha atụmatụ antenna omenala maka RFEHs, yanakwa antennas multi-band nwere ike iji dị ka rectennas.
Coplanar waveguide (CPW) monopole antennas na-anọ obere ebe karịa microstrip patch antennas n'otu oge ma na-emepụta LP ma ọ bụ ebili mmiri CP, a na-ejikarị ya maka rectennas gburugburu ebe obibi brọdband. A na-eji ụgbọ elu ntụgharị uche na-amụba ịnọpụ iche na ịkwalite uru, na-ebute usoro radieshon yiri antenna patch. A na-eji antennas coplanar waveguide nwere oghere iji kwalite bandwit impedance maka ọtụtụ eriri ugboro, dị ka 1.8–2.7 GHz ma ọ bụ 1–3 GHz. A na-ejikwa antenna oghere jikọtara ọnụ na antenna patch n'ụdị rectenna multiband. Ọgụgụ 3 na-egosi ụfọdụ antenna multi-band kọrọ na-eji ihe karịrị otu usoro nkwalite bandwidth.
Onyonyo 3
Antenna-Rectifier Mmekọ ihe mgbochi
Ịkọba antenna 50Ω na onye na-emegharị ihe na-adịghị adị bụ ihe ịma aka n'ihi na ntinye ntinye ya na-adịgasị iche na ugboro ole. Na topologies A na B (Nyocha 2), netwọk na-ejikọta ọnụ bụ egwuregwu LC na-eji ihe ndị lumped; Otú ọ dị, bandwidth ikwu na-adịkarị ala karịa ọtụtụ ìgwè nzikọrịta ozi. A na-ejikarị stub stub dakọtara na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na igwe millimeter dị n'okpuru 6 GHz, na rectennas nke milimita a na-akọ nwere bandwidth dị warara dị warara n'ihi na bandwit PCE ha na-emebi site na mmechi mmekọ ọnụ, nke na-eme ka ha dabara adaba maka otu- ngwa WPT band na 24 GHz band enweghị ikike.
Rectennas dị na topologies C na D nwere netwọk jikọtara ọnụ karịa. Atụpụtala netwọọdụ dakọtara ahịrị kesara nke ọma maka ịgbakọ brọdband, yana sekit mkpirisi RF block/DC (pass filter) n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mmepụta ma ọ bụ DC igbochi capacitor dị ka ụzọ nloghachi maka diode harmonics. Enwere ike iji bọọdụ sekit ebipụta (PCB) interdigitated capacitors dochie ihe ndị na-emezigharị ihe, nke a na-eme site na iji ngwa elektrọnik imewe akpaaka azụmahịa. Netwọk dakọtara brọdband rectenna ndị ọzọ akọpụtara na-ejikọta ihe kpọkọtara ọnụ maka dakọtara na obere ugboro yana ihe kesara maka imepụta mkpụmkpụ RF na ntinye.
Mgbanwe ntinye ntinye nke ibu ahụ hụrụ site na isi iyi (nke a maara dị ka usoro isi-adọta) ejirila chepụta brọdband rectifier nwere bandwidth ikwu 57% (1.25-2.25 GHz) na 10% PCE dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere okirikiri ma ọ bụ kesaa. . Ọ bụ ezie na a na-emekọ netwọkụ dakọtara ka ọ kwekọọ na antennas n'ofe bandwidth 50Ω dum, enwere akụkọ na akwụkwọ ebe ejirila eriri brọdband jikọọ na ndị na-emegharị eriri.
Ejila ngwakọ lumped-mmemme na netwọk ndị na-ekesa-emekọrịta ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na topologies C na D, yana usoro inductor na capacitors bụ ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ndị a na-ezere ihe dị mgbagwoju anya dị ka capacitors interdigitated, nke chọrọ nlegharị anya na nrụpụta ziri ezi karịa ahịrị microstrip ọkọlọtọ.
Ike ntinye na rectifier na-emetụta ntinye ntinye n'ihi adịghị adị nke diode. Ya mere, a na-eme rectenna ka ọ na-ebuli PCE maka otu ike ntinye aka na nkwụsị ibu. Ebe ọ bụ na diodes bụ isi capacitive impedance dị elu na ugboro n'okpuru 3 GHz, brọdband rectennas na-ewepụ netwọk mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ na-ebelata sekit dakọtara dị mfe na frequencies Prf> 0 dBm na karịa 1 GHz, ebe ọ bụ na diodes nwere obere impedance capacitive ma nwee ike dakọtara nke ọma. na antenna, si otú a na-ezere imewe nke antennas nwere ntinye nzaghachi> 1,000Ω.
A hụla matching impedance na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ reconfigurable na CMOS rectennas, ebe netwọk dakọtara nwere ụlọ akụ capacitor on-chip na inductor. Atụpụtakwara netwọkụ dakọtara CMOS static maka antennas 50Ω yana yana antenna loop arụkọtara ọnụ. A kọwo na a na-eji ihe nchọpụta ike CMOS na-agafe agafe iji chịkwaa mgba ọkụ na-eduzi mmepụta nke antenna gaa na nrụzi dị iche iche na netwọk dakọtara dabere na ike dị. Atụpụtala netwọọdụ dakọtara na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-eji lumped tunable capacitors, bụ nke a na-emegharị site na nhazi nke ọma ka ọ na-atụ ihe mgbochi ntinye site na iji vector network analyzer. N'ime netwọkụ microstrip matching reconfigurable, field effect transistor switches ejirila dozie stubs dakọtara iji nweta njirimara abụọ-band.
Iji mụtakwuo maka antennas, biko gaa:
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-09-2024
