1. Okwu Mmalite
Ike owuwe ihe ubi redio ugboro ugboro (RF) (RFEH) na nnyefe ike ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe (WPT) adọtala mmasị dị ukwuu dịka ụzọ isi nweta netwọk ikuku na-adịgide adịgide na-enweghị batrị. Rectang bụ isi ihe dị mkpa nke sistemụ WPT na RFEH ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na ike DC enyere na ibu ahụ. Ihe ndị dị na antenna nke rectang ahụ na-emetụta arụmọrụ owuwe ihe ubi ozugbo, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe ike owuwe ihe ubi site na ọtụtụ usoro nha. Akwụkwọ a na-enyocha atụmatụ antenna ejiri na ngwa WPT na RFEH gburugburu. A na-ekewa rectang ndị a kọrọ dịka isi ihe abụọ: bandwidth impedance antenna na-edozi na njirimara radieshon nke antenna. Maka njirisi ọ bụla, a na-ekpebi ma na-enyocha ọnụọgụ uru (FoM) maka ngwa dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere.
Tesla tụrụ aro WPT na mbido narị afọ nke 20 dị ka ụzọ isi zipu ọtụtụ puku ịnyịnya ike. Okwu ahụ bụ rectenna, nke na-akọwa antenna ejikọtara na rectifier iji nweta ike RF, pụtara na afọ 1950 maka ngwa nnyefe ike na microwave oghere na iji nye drones onwe ha ike. Ihe onwunwe nke mgbasa ozi (ikuku) na-egbochi WPT nke na-anaghị emegharị emegharị nke ọma. Ya mere, WPT azụmahịa na-ejedebekarị na nnyefe ike na-abụghị radiative dị nso maka chaja eletrọniki ndị ahịa ikuku ma ọ bụ RFID.
Ka ike nke ngwaọrụ semiconductor na oghere sensọ ikuku na-ebelata, ọ na-aghọ ihe ga-ekwe omume karịa iji RFEH gburugburu ma ọ bụ iji transmitter ike dị ala kesaa. Sistemụ ike ikuku na-enweghị ike dị oke ala na-abụkarị nke RF nnweta n'ihu, njikwa ike DC na ebe nchekwa, yana obere microprocessor na transceiver.
Foto nke 1 na-egosi usoro nke node ikuku RFEH na mmejuputa RF nke a na-akọkarị. Mmezi njedebe ruo na njedebe nke sistemụ ike ikuku na usoro nke ozi ikuku na netwọk nnyefe ike emekọrịtara dabere na arụmọrụ nke akụkụ nke ọ bụla, dị ka antenna, rectifiers, na sekit njikwa ike. Emeela ọtụtụ nyocha akwụkwọ maka akụkụ dị iche iche nke sistemụ ahụ. Tebụl 1 na-achịkọta ogbo mgbanwe ike, ihe ndị dị mkpa maka mgbanwe ike dị irè, na nyocha akwụkwọ metụtara ya maka akụkụ ọ bụla. Akwụkwọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na-elekwasị anya na teknụzụ mgbanwe ike, topologies rectifier, ma ọ bụ RFEH maara netwọk.
Foto nke 1
Agbanyeghị, a naghị ewere nhazi antenna dị ka ihe dị mkpa na RFEH. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-atụle bandwit antenna na arụmọrụ site n'echiche zuru oke ma ọ bụ site na echiche imewe antenna kpọmkwem, dị ka antenna ndị a na-eyi obere ma ọ bụ ndị a na-eyi, a naghị enyocha mmetụta nke ụfọdụ paramita antenna na nnata ike na arụmọrụ ntụgharị n'ụzọ zuru ezu.
Akwụkwọ a na-enyocha usoro nhazi antenna na rectang, ebumnuche nke ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ịma aka nhazi antenna RFEH na WPT na nhazi antenna nkwukọrịta ọkọlọtọ. A na-atụnyere antenna site n'echiche abụọ: ndakọrịta impedance na njedebe ruo na njedebe na njirimara radieshon; na nke ọ bụla, a na-achọpụta ma nyochaa FoM na antenna ọgbara ọhụrụ (SoA).
2. Bandwit na Ndakọrịta: Netwọk RF Na-abụghị 50Ω
Mmetụta nke 50Ω bụ ihe a na-atụle n'oge mbụ nke nkwekọrịta dị n'etiti mbelata na ike na ngwa injinia microwave. Na antenna, a na-akọwa bandwit impedance dị ka oke ugboro ole ike egosipụtara erughị 10% (S11< − 10 dB). Ebe ọ bụ na a na-emepụta amplifiers obere mkpọtụ (LNAs), amplifiers ike, na ihe nchọpụta na 50Ω input impedance dakọtara, a na-ezo aka na isi iyi 50Ω.
N'ime rectang, a na-etinye mmepụta nke antenna ozugbo na rectifier, enweghịkwa ahịrị nke diode na-akpata nnukwu mgbanwe na input impedance, ebe ihe capacitive na-achịkwa. Ọ bụrụ na antenna 50Ω, ihe ịma aka bụ isi bụ imepụta netwọk RF ọzọ iji gbanwee input impedance ka ọ bụrụ impedance nke rectifier na ugboro ole ọ na-amasị ma melite ya maka ọkwa ike kpọmkwem. N'okwu a, achọrọ bandwidth impedance njedebe-ruo-ọgwụgwụ iji hụ na mgbanwe RF na DC dị irè. Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na antenna nwere ike nweta bandwidth na-enweghị njedebe ma ọ bụ nke sara mbara site na iji ihe oge ma ọ bụ geometry na-emeju onwe ya, bandwit nke rectang ga-enwe nsogbu site na netwọk dakọtara rectifier.
A tụpụtara ọtụtụ topologies rectenna iji nweta owuwe ihe ubi otu-band na ọtụtụ-band ma ọ bụ WPT site na ibelata ntụgharị uche na ịbawanye mbufe ike n'etiti antenna na rectifier. Foto nke 2 na-egosi usoro nke topologies rectenna akọwara, nke e kewara site na nhazi njikọ impedance ha. Tebụl nke 2 na-egosi ihe atụ nke rectennas arụmọrụ dị elu n'ihe gbasara bandwidth njedebe-ruo-ọgwụgwụ (n'okwu a, FoM) maka ụdị ọ bụla.
Foto nke 2. Usoro akụkụ anọ site n'echiche nke bandwidth na impedance dakọtara. (a) Rektọ otu-band nwere antenna ọkọlọtọ. (b) Rektọ ọtụtụ-band (nke e ji ọtụtụ antenna jikọtara ọnụ mee) nwere otu rektọ na netwọk dakọtara kwa band. (c) Rektọ broadband nwere ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri RF na netwọk dakọtara dị iche iche maka band ọ bụla. (d) Rektọ broadband nwere antenna broadband na netwọk dakọtara broadband. (e) Rektọ otu-band na-eji antenna obere eletrik dakọtara ozugbo na rektọ. (f) Antenna otu-band, nke buru ibu nke nwere eletriki nwere impedance mgbagwoju anya iji jikọta ya na rektọ. (g) Rektọ broadband nwere impedance mgbagwoju anya iji jikọọ ya na rektọ n'ọtụtụ ugboro.
Ọ bụ ezie na WPT na RFEH gburugburu sitere na nri raara onwe ya nye bụ ngwa rectenna dị iche iche, imezu nkwekọ site na njedebe ruo na njedebe n'etiti antenna, rectifier na ibu dị mkpa iji nweta arụmọrụ mgbanwe ike dị elu (PCE) site na echiche bandwit. Agbanyeghị, rectenna WPT na-elekwasị anya karịa n'inweta ndakọrịta ihe dị elu (S11 dị ala) iji melite PCE otu-band na ọkwa ike ụfọdụ (topologies a, e na f). Oke bandwit nke otu-band WPT na-eme ka sistemụ ahụ ghara iguzogide detuning, nrụpụta ntụpọ na nkwakọ ngwaahịa. N'aka nke ọzọ, rectenna RFEH na-ebute ọrụ multi-band ụzọ ma bụrụ nke topologies bd na g, ebe ọ bụ na njupụta ike spectral (PSD) nke otu band na-adịkarị ala.
3. Nhazi antenna akụkụ anọ
1. Rektọ otu ugboro
Nhazi antenna nke rectenna otu ugboro (topology A) dabere na imewe antenna ọkọlọtọ, dị ka linear polarization (LP) ma ọ bụ circular polarization (CP) radiating patch na ala plane, dipole antenna na inverted F antenna. Differential band rectenna dabere na DC combination arrays nke ejiri ọtụtụ antenna ma ọ bụ ngwakọta DC na RF nke ọtụtụ patch units.
Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime antenna ndị a tụrụ aro bụ antenna otu ugboro ma na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke WPT otu ugboro, mgbe a na-achọ RFEH ọtụtụ ugboro gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-ejikọta ọtụtụ antenna otu ugboro n'ime rectenna multi-band (topology B) yana mgbochi njikọ ọnụ na njikọta DC nọọrọ onwe ya mgbe sekit njikwa ike gasịrị iji kewapụ ha kpamkpam na sekit nnweta na ntụgharị RF. Nke a chọrọ ọtụtụ sekit njikwa ike maka band ọ bụla, nke nwere ike ibelata arụmọrụ nke ihe ntụgharị boost n'ihi na ike DC nke otu band dị ala.
2. Antịlụ RFEH dị iche iche na nke dị n'elu broadband
A na-ejikọkarị RFEH gburugburu ebe obibi na nnweta ọtụtụ band; ya mere, a tụpụtara ọtụtụ usoro iji melite bandwit nke atụmatụ antenna ọkọlọtọ na ụzọ maka ịmepụta antenna band abụọ ma ọ bụ band. Na ngalaba a, anyị na-enyocha atụmatụ antenna omenala maka RFEHs, yana antenna multi-band ochie nke nwere ike iji dị ka rectang.
Antenna monopole Coplanar (CPW) na-ebi obere mpaghara karịa antenna patch microstrip n'otu ugboro ma na-emepụta ebili mmiri LP ma ọ bụ CP, a na-ejikwa ha eme ihe maka rectenna gburugburu ebe obibi broadband. A na-eji ụgbọ elu ntụgharị uche eme ka mwepụta dịkwuo elu ma melite uru, na-ebute ụkpụrụ radieshon yiri antenna patch. A na-eji antenna waveguide coplanar slotted iji melite bandwidth impedance maka ọtụtụ band frequency, dị ka 1.8–2.7 GHz ma ọ bụ 1–3 GHz. A na-ejikarị antenna oghere ndị a na-etinye n'ime na antenna patch eme ihe na nhazi rectenna multi-band. Foto nke 3 na-egosi ụfọdụ antenna multi-band akọọrọ nke na-eji usoro mmezi bandwidth karịrị otu.
Foto nke 3
Njikọta Impedance nke Antenna-Rectifier
Ịhazi antenna 50Ω na ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na-esiri ike n'ihi na mgbochi ntinye ya na-agbanwe nke ukwuu na ugboro ole ọ na-eme. Na topologies A na B (Foto nke 2), netwọk dakọtara nkịtị bụ LC dakọtara site na iji ihe ndị a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ; agbanyeghị, bandwit dịtụ ala karịa ọtụtụ band nkwukọrịta. A na-ejikarị matching otu-band na band microwave na millimeter-wave n'okpuru 6 GHz, rectennas millimeter-wave akọọrọ nwere bandwit dị warara n'ihi na bandwit PCE ha na-egbochi site na mwepu harmonic, nke na-eme ka ha dabara adaba karịsịa maka ngwa WPT otu-band na band 24 GHz na-enweghị ikike.
Rektenna dị na topologies C na D nwere netwọk njikọ dị mgbagwoju anya karịa. Atụpụtala netwọk njikọ ahịrị kesara nke ọma maka njikọta brọdband, yana sekit mkpụmkpụ RF/DC (nzafe ngafe) na ọdụ mmepụta ma ọ bụ capacitor mgbochi DC dị ka ụzọ nloghachi maka harmonics diode. Enwere ike iji capacitors interdigitalized board circuit (PCB) dochie akụkụ rectifier ndị ahụ, nke a na-emepụta site na iji ngwaọrụ akpaaka imewe eletrọniki azụmahịa. Netwọk njikọ rektenna broadband ndị ọzọ akọpụtara na-ejikọta ihe ndị a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ maka ijikọ na ugboro ole dị ala na ihe ndị kesara maka imepụta obere RF na ntinye.
A na-eji mgbanwe nke mgbochi ntinye nke ibu ahụ na-ahụ site na isi iyi (nke a maara dị ka usoro isi mmalite-ndọpụta) emepụta ihe nhazi redioktọ broadband nwere bandwidth mmekọrịta 57% (1.25–2.25 GHz) na PCE 10% karịa ma e jiri ya tụnyere sekit ndị a gbanyere agbaji ma ọ bụ nke kesara. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-emekarị netwọk ndị dakọtara ka ha kwekọọ na antenna n'elu bandwit 50Ω dum, enwere akụkọ n'akwụkwọ ebe ejikọtara antenna broadband na rectifiers dị warara.
E jirila netwọk njikọ ihe ndị a na-akpọ "haịdrọlik-element" na "distributed-element" mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na topologies C na D, ebe inductor na capacitors bụ ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ndị a na-ezere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya dịka "interdigital capacitors", nke chọrọ nhazi na imepụta ihe ziri ezi karịa ahịrị microstrip nkịtị.
Ike ntinye na rectifier na-emetụta mgbochi ntinye n'ihi enweghị usoro nke diode ahụ. Ya mere, e mere rectina iji mee ka PCE dịkwuo elu maka ọkwa ike ntinye kpọmkwem na mgbochi ibu. Ebe ọ bụ na diode bụ isi ihe mgbochi ike dị elu na ugboro ole dị n'okpuru 3 GHz, rectina broadband nke na-ewepụ netwọk ndị kwekọrọ ma ọ bụ na-ebelata sekit ndị dabara adaba elekwasị anya na ugboro ole Prf>0 dBm na karịa 1 GHz, ebe diode ndị ahụ nwere obere mgbochi ike ma enwere ike ijikọ ya na antenna nke ọma, si otú a na-ezere imewe nke antenna nwere mmeghachi omume ntinye >1,000Ω.
A hụla njikọ impedance na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ nke a na-ahazigharị na rectangular CMOS, ebe netwọk dakọtara nwere ebe nchekwa capacitor na inductors. A tụkwara atụmatụ maka netwọk dakọtara CMOS static maka antenna 50Ω ọkọlọtọ yana antenna loop ndị a haziri ahazi. Akọpụtala na a na-eji ihe nchọpụta ike CMOS na-agafe agafe iji chịkwaa switches ndị na-eduzi mmepụta nke antenna na rectifiers dị iche iche na netwọk dakọtara dabere na ike dị. Atụpụtala netwọk dakọtara nke a na-ahazigharị site na iji capacitors a na-emegharị emegharị, nke a na-ahazi site na nhazi dị mma mgbe a na-atụ impedance ntinye site na iji ihe nyocha netwọk vector. Na netwọk dakọtara microstrip a na-ahazigharịgharị, ejirila swiitị transistor mmetụta ubi gbanwee stubs dakọtara iji nweta njirimara band abụọ.
Iji mụtakwuo maka antenna, biko gaa na:
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-09-2024
